H. R. 872 is a rule that says companies working for the government need to follow a plan to find and fix computer problems safely, and it needs to follow special guidelines to make sure it’s done right. If there's a good reason, like keeping the country safe, they can skip this rule but must let important people know why.

S. 4758 is a plan to see if using smart computer programs can help the military work faster and better at places like shipyards. They will spend over $35 million to try it out and then tell Congress what they learned.

The bill wants to make sure that companies working with the U.S. government have strong computer security rules to keep their systems safe from hackers, and they should follow the special guidelines made for them. It also says that if it's really important for secret projects or special research, they might not have to follow these rules exactly, but they need to be careful about it.

Federal contractors have to follow special rules to find and fix problems in their computer systems, just like following instructions in a guidebook. If it's important for protecting the country or for special projects, some rules can be skipped, but they have to explain why.