The FORTIFY United States Research Act is like a safety rule that says the U.S. shouldn't team up with certain countries to do science projects that might help build big tools for defense or security because it could be risky. It also says there should be a list of these risky projects and that people need to be careful when sharing important science secrets.

The ROUTERS Act is a plan for the government to check if internet gadgets like routers and modems, especially those from certain other countries, might have security problems. They want to study this and tell the important government groups within a year.

H. R. 5933 is a special rule that helps keep track of all the money and gifts that schools in the U.S. get from other countries, making sure they don't take anything from bad guys. Schools have to share details about any big presents they get and be extra careful about who they make deals with, but some people worry this might make things harder for the schools.