Overview
Title
To improve the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s weather research, support improvements in weather forecasting and prediction, expand commercial opportunities for the provision of weather data, and for other purposes.
ELI5 AI
S. 5601 is like a big plan to help scientists better predict the weather by giving them tools and money to study things like storms and droughts, and it also encourages working with private companies to use smart technology for collecting weather information.
Summary AI
S. 5601 aims to enhance weather research and prediction by improving funding and projects related to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) initiatives. The bill outlines reauthorizations and extensions of several NOAA programs including those focused on hurricanes, tornadoes, and droughts, and proposes new programs to address issues such as coastal flooding and temperature-related health risks. It also emphasizes partnerships with the private sector for obtaining weather data, using artificial intelligence in weather forecasting, and supporting community preparedness for various weather-related hazards.
Published
Keywords AI
Sources
Bill Statistics
Size
Language
Complexity
AnalysisAI
The "Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Reauthorization Act of 2024" is a comprehensive legislative effort aimed at advancing the United States' capabilities in weather research, forecasting, and information dissemination. The bill seeks to authorize funding and establish programs across a wide range of areas related to meteorology, climate monitoring, and environmental data collection. By doing so, it aims to enhance public safety, improve decision-making in agriculture and water management, and bolster the efficacy of commercial and governmental weather operations.
General Summary of the Bill
The bill reauthorizes and updates existing legislation to enhance and expand weather research and forecasting capabilities within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and other federal agencies. Key components include efforts to improve hurricane and tornado predictions, enhance tsunami warning systems, invest in modernizing weather data infrastructure, and support the transition of research into operational practice. Additionally, the bill includes measures to promote collaboration with private sectors and establish rigorous data-sharing protocols. It allocates significant funding towards these initiatives, underscored by a strong focus on technological and methodological innovation.
Significant Issues
Several notable concerns arise from this legislation. First, the allocation of a substantial annual budget for the Commercial Data Program, without specific guidelines on fund distribution, presents a risk of wasteful spending and insufficient oversight. This is compounded by the focus on pre-existing participants, which might hamper fair competition. Additionally, the bill's ambition to enhance heat-health risk reduction efforts is potentially hampered by vague plans for data sharing and management, impeding effective inter-agency collaboration.
Another point of contention is the approach to handling unfunded priorities. The legislation suggests reliance on leftover resources, which could neglect essential operations unless there is a robust methodology to prioritize needs effectively. The language used in various sections, especially those involving technical upgrades, may be too complex for a general audience, potentially limiting transparency and public engagement. Furthermore, definitions within the bill lack clarity, leading to ambiguities in its implementation.
Impact on the Public
The general public stands to benefit from the enhanced accuracy and timeliness of weather forecasts that this bill aims to deliver. Better predictions can significantly improve public safety, particularly in regions prone to severe weather events like hurricanes and tornadoes. Furthermore, improved data infrastructure and sharing may facilitate more informed decision-making in agriculture, which could enhance food security and water management.
However, the complexity and potential opacity of the bill's content might obstruct public understanding of these advancements and how they are achieved with public funds. There's a risk that without clear accountability measures, the large-scale financial investment may not achieve the desired efficiency or effectiveness.
Impact on Specific Stakeholders
For stakeholders in the scientific and research community, the bill offers substantial opportunities to influence national weather forecasting capabilities. Enhanced funding and partnerships should foster innovation and research activities, providing growth opportunities in academia and private industry. Government agencies are poised to better fulfill their mandates with improved tools and collaboration networks.
Conversely, some private companies not currently participating in NOAA programs might find themselves at a disadvantage due to the bill's prioritization criteria, which could stymie new entrants into this field. Additionally, the bill's potential for technical complexity may require stakeholders to invest more in understanding and complying with its provisions, possibly straining smaller organizations with limited resources.
In summary, while the "Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Reauthorization Act of 2024" is ambitious in its goals to elevate U.S. meteorological capabilities, it also poses challenges in terms of budget oversight, clarity, and equitable opportunity that need to be carefully addressed to maximize its benefits for all involved stakeholders.
Financial Assessment
The bill, S. 5601, outlines a comprehensive financial blueprint for enhancing weather research and forecasting capabilities through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The proposed appropriations and financial allocations play a central role in driving the initiatives detailed within the bill. Below is an examination of the key financial elements of the bill and issues that arise from these allocations.
Appropriations Overview
- The bill authorizes substantial funding over several fiscal years to support NOAA's activities, focusing on key weather-related research and initiatives.
- Section 102 details appropriations to the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, with amounts starting at $163.8 million for fiscal year 2025 and increasing annually to $170.4 million for fiscal year 2029. These allocations are directed towards weather laboratories, cooperative institutes, and specific research into severe storm and radar technology.
- Section 103 allocates $11 million annually from fiscal years 2025 through 2030 for the Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment - United States of America (VORTEX-USA).
- Section 206 provides funding not exceeding $10 million annually from 2025 to 2029 for advancements in aviation weather and data innovation.
- The bill also delineates funds for commercial data acquisitions, as seen in Sections 301 and 302, with $100 million designated annually from 2025 through 2029. Additionally, Section 302 authorizes a modest $1 million for data management study efforts.
- Sections 501 and 803 extend funding to agricultural and water management programs and landslide preparedness with appropriations of $50.3 million annually for 2025 through 2029 and $35 million in targeted funding, respectively.
- The National Integrated Drought Information System is allocated a budget that initially sets $15 million for fiscal year 2025, gradually increasing to $17 million by fiscal year 2029 under Section 502.
Financial Issues and Concerns
The financial allocations in the bill raise several implications and concerns, particularly in terms of oversight and how the funds are managed.
Lack of Detailed Allocation: The substantial funding authorized for the Commercial Data Program in Sections 301 and 302 raises concerns about potential wasteful spending and accountability, as the bill lacks detailed plans on how these funds will be precisely utilized.
Prioritization and Bias: The focus in Sections 301 and 302 on acquiring data from existing program participants might introduce issues of favoritism and limited competition. Ensuring unbiased distribution requires clear guidelines which are currently not specified.
Data Management Clarity: The plans for data integration and sharing within systems like the National Integrated Heat Health Information System, addressed in Sections 703 and 704, should be clearly outlined to prevent potential collaboration breakdowns.
Unfunded Priorities Methodology: Section 1102 discusses unfunded priorities, which rely on remaining resources without clear criteria for prioritization. This approach risks neglecting critical operational funding needs.
Ambiguity in Definitions: Terms such as "innovative observations" are not adequately defined, which may lead to varying interpretations and inconsistencies in implementation.
By structuring spending effectively and ensuring thorough oversight mechanisms, the bill can better achieve its ambitious goals for improving weather forecasting and public safety. Addressing these financial concerns is imperative for maximizing the positive impact of the proposed funds.
Issues
The Commercial Data Program (Sections 301 and 302) authorizes a significant annual budget of $100 million without detailed specifications on fund allocation, raising concerns about potential wasteful spending and lack of accountability.
There is potential for favoritism and limited competition in Sections 301 and 302 within the Commercial Data Program and Commercial Data Pilot Program by prioritizing data acquisition from existing participants, which could lead to biased outcomes.
The plan for achieving heat health risk reduction objectives in the National Integrated Heat Health Information System (Sections 703 and 704) lacks specificity on data sharing and management, which could hinder effective collaboration and implementation.
Section 1102 introduces concerns about the prioritization and handling of unfunded priorities, potentially neglecting critical operations by relying on leftover resources without a clear, unbiased methodology.
The language across multiple sections, such as those involving technical modernization (e.g., Sections 108 and 405), could be overly technical and complex for the general public, leading to misunderstandings and limited transparency.
There is a lack of specific oversight mechanisms in the bill, particularly concerning budget allocations and program implementations (e.g., Section 1102 on unfunded priorities), which might result in accountability issues.
Some provisions have vague definitions or lack clear guidelines, like 'innovative observations' and 'appropriate committees of Congress' in various sections (e.g., Sections 103 and 1102), leading to ambiguity in policy implementation.
The requirement to submit regular assessments and reports in multiple sections, such as those related to the Commercial Data Pilot Program (Section 303), could lead to increased bureaucratic overhead without clear impact evaluation metrics.
Sections
Sections are presented as they are annotated in the original legislative text. Any missing headers, numbers, or non-consecutive order is due to the original text.
1. Short title; table of contents Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The “Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Reauthorization Act of 2024” provides updates and funding for weather research programs and innovation activities in the U.S. It includes sections focused on public safety, enhancing federal weather forecasting, using commercial data for environmental observations, improving weather communication to the public, aiding agriculture and water management, and addressing issues like harmful algal blooms and temperature-related health emergencies.
2. Definitions Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
In this section, the terms "seasonal", "State", "subseasonal", "Under Secretary", "weather enterprise", "weather data", and "weather industry" are defined as per the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017. Additionally, the definition of "weather data" is updated to mean information that helps track and predict weather, such as forecasts and observations.
101. Public safety priority Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The amended Section 101 of the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 emphasizes that the Under Secretary must ensure the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) delivers accurate and timely weather forecasts to protect lives and support the economy. It also outlines that the Under Secretary, through the National Weather Service, should coordinate weather-related services and prioritize research to improve weather data and forecasting.
101. Public safety priority Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section requires the Under Secretary to make sure that the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides accurate weather forecasts to protect people and the economy. It also mandates focusing on better weather data, instruments, and research to improve safety and economic benefits.
102. United States weather research and forecasting Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section specifies the authorized funding amounts for the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research from 2025 to 2029, detailing allocations for various initiatives like weather research programs and radar research. Total authorized appropriations range from $163,794,000 in 2025 to $170,444,000 in 2029, with specific amounts designated for different research purposes each year.
Money References
- “(a) Authorization of appropriations.—There are authorized to be appropriated to the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research to carry out this title the following: “(1) $163,794,000 for fiscal year 2025, of which— “(A) $91,058,000 is authorized for weather laboratories and cooperative institutes; “(B) $39,491,000 is authorized for the United States Weather Research Program; “(C) $21,125,000is authorized for tornado, severe storm, and next generation radar research; and “(D) $12,120,000 is authorized for the joint technology transfer initiative described in section 102(b)(4) of this title.
- “(2) $165,432,000 for fiscal year 2026, of which— “(A) $91,968,000 is authorized for weather laboratories and cooperative institutes; “(B) $39,886,000 is authorized for the United States Weather Research Program; “(C) $21,336,000 is authorized for tornado, severe storm, and next generation radar research; and “(D) $12,241,000 is authorized for the joint technology transfer initiative described in section 102(b)(4) of this title.
- “(3) $167,086,000 for fiscal year 2027, of which— “(A) $92,888,000 is authorized for weather laboratories and cooperative institutes; “(B) $40,285,000 is authorized for the United States Weather Research Program; “(C) $21,550,000 is authorized for tornado, severe storm, and next generation radar research; and “(D) $12,364,000 is authorized for the joint technology transfer initiative described in section 102(b)(4) of this title.
- “(4) $168,757,000 for fiscal year 2028, of which— “(A) $93,817,000 is authorized for weather laboratories and cooperative institutes; “(B) $40,688,000 is authorized for the United States Weather Research Program; “(C) $21,765,000 is authorized for tornado, severe storm, and next generation radar research; and “(D) $12,487,000 is authorized for the joint technology transfer initiative described in section 102(b)(4) of this title.
- “(5) $170,444,000 for fiscal year 2029, of which— “(A) $94,755,000 is authorized for weather laboratories and cooperative institutes; “(B) $41,094,000 is authorized for the United States Weather Research Program; “(C) $21,983,000 is authorized for tornado, severe storm, and next generation radar research; and “(D) $12,612,000 is authorized for the joint technology transfer initiative described in section 102(b)(4) of this title.
110. Authorization of appropriations Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section authorizes specific amounts of money for the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research from 2025 to 2029, detailing allocations for weather laboratories, research programs, radar research, and technology transfer initiatives. It also states that no additional funds beyond these allocations are permitted for the title or its amendments.
Money References
- (a) Authorization of appropriations.—There are authorized to be appropriated to the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research to carry out this title the following: (1) $163,794,000 for fiscal year 2025, of which— (A) $91,058,000 is authorized for weather laboratories and cooperative institutes; (B) $39,491,000 is authorized for the United States Weather Research Program; (C) $21,125,000is authorized for tornado, severe storm, and next generation radar research; and (D) $12,120,000 is authorized for the joint technology transfer initiative described in section 102(b)(4) of this title.
- (2) $165,432,000 for fiscal year 2026, of which— (A) $91,968,000 is authorized for weather laboratories and cooperative institutes; (B) $39,886,000 is authorized for the United States Weather Research Program; (C) $21,336,000 is authorized for tornado, severe storm, and next generation radar research; and (D) $12,241,000 is authorized for the joint technology transfer initiative described in section 102(b)(4) of this title. (3) $167,086,000 for fiscal year 2027, of which— (A) $92,888,000 is authorized for weather laboratories and cooperative institutes; (B) $40,285,000 is authorized for the United States Weather Research Program; (C) $21,550,000 is authorized for tornado, severe storm, and next generation radar research; and (D) $12,364,000 is authorized for the joint technology transfer initiative described in section 102(b)(4) of this title. (4) $168,757,000 for fiscal year 2028, of which— (A) $93,817,000 is authorized for weather laboratories and cooperative institutes; (B) $40,688,000 is authorized for the United States Weather Research Program; (C) $21,765,000 is authorized for tornado, severe storm, and next generation radar research; and (D) $12,487,000 is authorized for the joint technology transfer initiative described in section 102(b)(4) of this title. (5) $170,444,000 for fiscal year 2029, of which— (A) $94,755,000 is authorized for weather laboratories and cooperative institutes; (B) $41,094,000 is authorized for the United States Weather Research Program; (C) $21,983,000 is authorized for tornado, severe storm, and next generation radar research; and (D) $12,612,000 is authorized for the joint technology transfer initiative described in section 102(b)(4) of this title. (b) Limitation.—No additional funds are authorized to carry out this title or the amendments made by this title.
103. Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment - United States of America (VORTEX-USA) Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section amends the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 to improve tornado forecasts and warnings through collaboration between government, industry, and academic partners. It focuses on enhancing forecasting accuracy, lead time, and training, while also prioritizing research grants to minority-serving institutions and requiring annual budget proposals for funding.
Money References
- “(i) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Under Secretary to carry out this section $11,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2030, of which not less than $2,000,000 each fiscal year shall be used for prioritized grants awarded under subsection (e).”. (b) Clerical amendment.—The table of contents in section 1(b) of the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 is amended by amending the item relating to section 103 to read as follows: “Sec. 103.
103. Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment - United States of America (VORTEX-USA) Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The bill establishes a program called VORTEX-USA to improve tornado forecasting and warnings, involving collaboration with weather experts and academics. It emphasizes technological innovation, grants research funds prioritizing minority-serving institutions, and mandates annual budgets, aiming to reduce tornado-related loss of life and property.
Money References
- (i) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Under Secretary to carry out this section $11,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2030, of which not less than $2,000,000 each fiscal year shall be used for prioritized grants awarded under subsection (e).
104. Hurricane forecast improvement program Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section amends the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 to improve hurricane forecasting and reduce related losses. It mandates collaboration between the Under Secretary and various stakeholders, highlighting advancements in technology and methodology, and requires annual reporting on progress and challenges until 2029.
104. Hurricane forecast improvement program Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section outlines a program overseen by the Under Secretary to enhance forecasting and communication of hurricanes, aiming to minimize loss of life and property. The program involves collaboration with various partners and includes improving prediction methods, communication of risks such as flooding, incorporating new technologies, and coordinating with relevant agencies to develop and integrate research findings into operations. An annual report detailing operational challenges and technological advancements is also required.
105. Tsunami Warning and Education Act reauthorization Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The Tsunami Warning and Education Act reauthorization is making several updates to improve tsunami research, warnings, and preparedness. These changes include enhancing data systems, ensuring communication and coordination among various scientific organizations, improving the effectiveness of tsunami warnings and response, and allocating funding to support these initiatives.
Money References
- “There are authorized to be appropriated to the Administrator to carry out this title $30,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2028, of which— “(1) not less than 27 percent of the amount appropriated for each fiscal year shall be for activities conducted at the State level under the national tsunami hazard mitigation program under section 805; and “(2) not less than 8 percent of the amount appropriated shall be for the tsunami research program under section 806.”.
804A. Assessment of tsunami watches and warnings Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section mandates that the Under Secretary of Commerce conduct a two-year assessment of tsunami watches and warnings provided by the National Weather Service to evaluate their effectiveness in communicating risks and informing action. The Under Secretary is to consult various stakeholders and, based on the assessment, propose improvements and ensure any major recommended changes are validated by science, considering demographic and regional needs.
809. Authorization of appropriations Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section authorizes $30 million per year from 2024 to 2028 for the Administrator to implement the title, ensuring that at least 27% of the funds go to state-level tsunami safety efforts and at least 8% go to tsunami research.
Money References
- There are authorized to be appropriated to the Administrator to carry out this title $30,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2024 through 2028, of which— (1) not less than 27 percent of the amount appropriated for each fiscal year shall be for activities conducted at the State level under the national tsunami hazard mitigation program under section 805; and (2) not less than 8 percent of the amount appropriated shall be for the tsunami research program under section 806.
106. Observing system planning Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
Section 106 of the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 is updated to enhance the planning of weather observing systems by adding federal capabilities, expanding options to include private partnerships, and requiring analyses to compare costs and benefits of various options. Additionally, it mandates a report to Congress within a year, assessing the feasibility of a new satellite in a specific orbit to improve weather forecasting.
107. Observing system simulation experiments Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
Section 107 of the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 is updated to include a comparison with commercial systems in providing data, removing specific satellite system mention, and eliminating one subsection while renaming another.
108. Computing resources prioritization Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section outlines a plan to prioritize computing resources for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration by using artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies, establishing centers of excellence, and exploring quantum computing. It also requires the creation of a strategic plan detailing the high-performance computing needs and actions every 5 years, alongside annual progress updates, inviting public feedback, and collaboration between various government entities for improving weather predictions.
109. Earth prediction innovation center Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section amends the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017, focusing on enhancing public access and interoperability of weather modeling systems, using innovative technologies, and establishing a Data Lake to support weather prediction efforts. It aims to improve operational weather models with community input and ensure data is accessible for testing and research.
110. Satellite architecture planning Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section from the bill outlines updates to the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017, involving the management of satellites by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). It highlights that the Under Secretary should maintain vital weather satellites, collaborate with various sectors to get data efficiently, prioritize NOAA’s mission-focused services, and ensure that environmental data is safely stored and accessible, while also updating a timeline to 2030 for implementing these provisions.
111. Improving uncrewed activities Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The amendments to the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 authorize the use of both crewed and uncrewed aerial and marine systems to gather environmental data. These systems are to be employed, where practical, to assess damage and aid recovery following extreme weather events, with provisions for acquiring equipment and training for these purposes.
112. Interagency Council for Advancing Meteorological Services Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section outlines the establishment and duties of the Interagency Council for Advancing Meteorological Services, which will coordinate various federal agencies to lead in meteorological services. The Council is responsible for supporting weather research, improving data sharing and coordination, and fostering partnerships with the private sector to enhance meteorological research and services.
113. Ocean observations Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section establishes a pilot program allowing the administrator to work with ship operators to collect ocean and atmospheric data using instruments on research or commercial vessels. The program aims to improve understanding of coastal and ocean systems, must meet specific data standards, and requires a report to Congress within five years, ceasing by September 30, 2029, or one year after the report is submitted.
114. Consolidation of reports Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Authorization Act of 1992 are being updated to streamline their reporting and coordination processes. These changes include adjustments to planning and coordination activities, such as modifications to sections describing how different organizations should collaborate and report advancements in weather research and forecasting technology.
105. Weather research and development planning Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section requires the Under Secretary and other officials to create a plan every two years to keep the U.S. leading in weather prediction. This plan will focus on goals, collaboration with other groups, identifying research needs, and improving weather forecasting and warning systems.
115. Precipitation forecast improvement program Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The Precipitation Forecast Improvement Program aims to enhance the accuracy and reliability of precipitation predictions to help reduce potential damage and loss caused by extreme weather. It involves collaboration between government agencies, the weather industry, and academic partners, focuses on improving models and forecasting technology, and requires ongoing budget reports to Congress.
603. Precipitation forecast improvement program Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The text establishes a program led by the Under Secretary to improve precipitation forecasting using advanced models and technology, aiming for more accurate and timely predictions to reduce the impact of extreme weather events. It emphasizes collaboration with industry, federal agencies, and academic partners, and includes goals like integrating innovative observations, enhancing communication and decision support, and expanding computational resources, with an annual report on progress to be submitted to Congress.
201. Weather innovation for the next generation Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The bill requires the Under Secretary to establish a program to research and develop solutions to improve weather radar systems by working with various partners, testing new technologies, and prioritizing solutions like phased array radar systems. The program must report progress to Congress, and the authority to continue it will end by September 30, 2029, or after the final report is submitted.
202. Radar next program Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The bill establishes the "Radar Next Program," aiming to improve and update the U.S. weather radar network through collaboration, development of new plans and technology, and potential partnerships with external entities. It requires the Under Secretary to develop a comprehensive plan to enhance radar coverage and accuracy, with a deadline for full implementation by 2040, and involves ongoing consultations and updates to Congress.
203. Data voids in highly vulnerable areas of the United States Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The text describes plans for the Under Secretary to work with various organizations to improve weather observation and emergency response in under-observed or vulnerable areas of the U.S. by increasing weather data collection, enhancing forecasting, and developing new tools and training for emergency management, facilitated through an interagency partnership and pilot projects.
204. Atmospheric rivers forecast improvement program Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The bill instructs the Under Secretary to create a program aimed at improving forecasts for atmospheric rivers with the goal of minimizing damage and economic loss. This involves collaboration with various partners, enhancing scientific models, and better communication of weather hazards to the public.
205. Coastal flooding and storm surge forecast improvement program Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section outlines a program to improve forecasts and warnings for coastal flooding and storm surges. It aims to save lives and protect property by using improved models, data from sensors, and advanced technology to provide better predictions, and requires the Under Secretary to create a detailed plan and budget for these efforts and report to Congress annually.
206. Aviation weather and data innovation Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The bill section outlines a program led by the Under Secretary to enhance aviation weather forecasting by using atmospheric data from commercial aircraft and NOAA, ensure accurate turbulence forecasting, and establish interagency cooperation with the FAA. Additionally, it commits $10 million annually from 2025 to 2029 for these initiatives and mandates regular Congressional briefings on their progress.
Money References
- (d) Authorization of appropriations.—From amounts authorized to be appropriated for the Commercial Data Program under section 302 of the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017, there shall be available not more than $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 to carry out the program.
207. NESDIS partnership program, transition program, and operational planning Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section outlines a program run by the Assistant Administrator of NESDIS to work with private and public entities on satellite-related projects. It includes creating programs to transition research into operational technology, regular monitoring and reporting of progress, and is funded by $20 million from 2025 to 2029.
Money References
- (e) Authorization of appropriations.—From amounts authorized to be appropriated to the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, there shall be available $20,000,000 for fiscal years 2025 through 2029 to carry out to this section.
208. Advanced weather interactive processing system Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section mandates that by 2030, the Under Secretary, through the National Weather Service, must move the Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System to a cloud-based environment for better workforce mobility and flexibility. This transition will ensure the system continues providing essential weather data and decision support services to emergency managers and involves various upgrades, including training efforts, bandwidth evaluations, and using commercial cloud services.
209. Reanalysis and reforecasting Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The Under Secretary is allowed to support activities involving reanalysis and reforecasting at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. These activities, which may be carried out using weather testbeds, aim to enhance weather forecasts and predictions and provide data for training artificial intelligence and machine learning models.
210. National Weather Service workforce Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section outlines the responsibilities of the National Weather Service (NWS) regarding staffing and operations to improve weather forecasting and emergency preparedness. It requires the NWS Director to report on hiring, assess health impacts of shift work, and designate service hydrologists at forecast offices to enhance collaboration and services; it also establishes pilot projects for innovative decision support and technology services.
211. Artificial intelligence for weather forecasting Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
This section of the bill instructs the Under Secretary to develop advanced artificial intelligence applications for weather forecasting and information delivery to improve accuracy and timeliness in weather, water, and space forecasts. It outlines the creation and sharing of weather models, partnerships for research and innovation, protection of national security interests, and efforts to support public and private sector collaboration to enhance forecasting technology and response capabilities.
212. Composition of the atmosphere and atmospheric observations Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section outlines responsibilities for the Under Secretary to report on and improve understanding of Earth's atmospheric composition. This includes assessing observation capabilities, conducting pilot projects, and potentially entering agreements with other entities to enhance atmospheric data collection, with input from relevant agencies and international partners.
213. Project to improve forecasts of coastal marine fog Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The Under Secretary is tasked with conducting a project to improve the accuracy and communication of coastal marine fog forecasts to enhance vessel safety and lessen economic impacts. This project involves increasing data collection through various technologies, enhancing modeling capabilities, improving public advisories, engaging with stakeholders and tribes, and developing a detailed plan within a year.
301. Commercial Data Program Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The amendment to the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 establishes a Commercial Data Program for NOAA to buy weather and environmental data from private companies. It requires coordination with various NOAA programs, sets standards for data quality, and allocates funding for these efforts, while also establishing an ombudsman to facilitate communication between private providers and NOAA.
Money References
- “(g) Authorization of appropriations.— “(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appropriated $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 to carry out this section.
302. Commercial Data Program Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The Commercial Data Program, established by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), is designed to acquire weather and environmental data from private companies for operational use. This program prioritizes data from various sources like satellites and ocean platforms, ensures coordination with other NOAA programs, maintains oversight councils for strategic guidance, provides funding through 2029, allows collaboration with private sectors, and requires regular reporting on data management activities.
Money References
- (g) Authorization of appropriations.— (1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appropriated $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 to carry out this section.
302. Commercial Data Pilot Program Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The Commercial Data Pilot Program, as part of the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017, aims to collaborate with private companies to test and create standards for using weather data and observation services. The program evaluates the integration and effectiveness of these private data sources with NOAA's forecasting, detailing assessment results annually and potential steps for adoption.
303. Commercial Data Pilot Program Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The Commercial Data Pilot Program aims to partner with private companies to test and develop standards for using weather observation data, ensuring compatibility with NOAA's forecasts. This program involves evaluating data from these companies through pilot contracts and assessing its viability for integration into NOAA's systems, with the findings reported to Congress.
303. Contracting authority and avoidance of duplication Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section grants the Under Secretary authority to enter into multiyear contracts and partnerships with private sector companies to enhance weather and environmental data collection, while avoiding duplication of efforts with other Federal agencies and ensuring fair compensation for data services. It emphasizes the importance of coordinating activities and requirements with other civilian Federal departments to optimize resources and avoid unnecessary overlap.
304. Contracting authority and avoidance of duplication Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section allows the Under Secretary to make contracts with private companies using multi-year options to ensure reliable services and data, collaborate with multiple providers, and use innovative agreements. It also requires coordination to avoid redundant efforts and ensure fair payment for interagency services and data use.
304. Data assimilation, management, and sharing practices Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The bill section outlines plans to improve how data is managed and shared within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). It proposes to set common data standards, utilize cloud technology for data storage and sharing, collaborate with other federal agencies, and implement advanced techniques like artificial intelligence for data analysis. Additionally, it calls for a study on NOAA's data management needs and establishes a university consortium to enhance weather data assimilation research and workforce development.
Money References
- “(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Of amounts authorized to be appropriated to the Commercial Data Program under section 302, $1,000,000 shall be available to carry out the study under paragraph (1) to remain available until expended.”.
305. Data assimilation, management, and sharing practices Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section requires the Under Secretary to work on improving the standards, infrastructure, and sharing practices for weather data with various federal partners and organizations. It involves creating a data assimilation program, establishing a university consortium to advance data assimilation research, and conducting a study on improving data management at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, with an emphasis on collaboration, modern technology, and security.
Money References
- (2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Of amounts authorized to be appropriated to the Commercial Data Program under section 302, $1,000,000 shall be available to carry out the study under paragraph (1) to remain available until expended.
305. Clerical amendment Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The table of contents for the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 is being updated to change the descriptions for sections 302 and 303 and to add new sections related to data programs and management.
401. Definitions Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
In this section, several terms are defined: "hazardous weather or water events" include severe weather conditions like hurricanes and flash floods; "institution of higher education" follows the definition from the Higher Education Act; "NOAA Weather Radio" refers to a specific weather alert network; "public cloud" is identified as a widely accessible computing service model; and "watch" and "warning" are alerts from NOAA to notify the public about potential weather dangers, but do not cover technical forecasts.
402. Hazardous weather or water event risk communication Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section outlines the responsibilities of the Under Secretary to improve how risks related to hazardous weather and water events are communicated to the public. It includes developing a program to simplify terms, better inform the public, and ensure consistency across platforms, while coordinating with various partners like government entities and media organizations to support these efforts.
403. Hazard communication research and engagement Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section establishes programs and pilot studies to improve understanding and communication of weather hazards like tornadoes and hurricanes. It focuses on research and collaboration with educational institutions and local authorities to enhance public responses and preparedness for severe weather events.
404. National Weather Service communications improvement Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The National Weather Service is required to upgrade its instant messaging system, called "NWSChat," by October 1, 2027. The new system must use a commercial, cloud-based solution, fit future needs, handle more users easily, be user-friendly, and resemble current commercial systems. Up to $3 million per year from 2025 to 2027 will be allocated for this upgrade.
Money References
- (c) Funding.—From amounts made available for Operations, Research, and Facilities, the Director of the National Weather Service shall allocate not more than $3,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2027 to carry out this section.
405. NOAA Weather Radio modernization Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The bill directs the Under Secretary to expand and modernize NOAA Weather Radio to improve its coverage and reliability, especially in rural and underserved areas. This includes upgrading technology, ensuring infrastructure maintenance, exploring alternative transmission options, prioritizing accessibility improvements, and assessing its capabilities to meet the needs of various stakeholders.
406. Post-storm surveys and assessments Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The Under Secretary is responsible for performing detailed reviews and assessments after significant storms, coordinating with various governments and institutions to gather and share data. The section also emphasizes improving data collection methods, enhancing post-storm studies, especially in less observed or vulnerable areas, and providing emotional support to survey teams.
407. Government Accountability Office report on alert dissemination for hazardous weather or water events Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section tasks the Comptroller General with reporting to Congress about the National Weather Service's technology for sending out timely alerts on severe weather or water events. The report must cover various aspects, including the current technology's capabilities and shortcomings, delays in alert notifications, potential improvements, collaboration possibilities with other entities, and how rural areas are affected by these systems.
408. Data collection management and protection Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section outlines the duties of the Under Secretary regarding the collection and management of data related to hazardous weather or water events. It includes developing a central system for storing this data, ensuring its protection according to laws, and creating methods like digital watermarks to prevent unauthorized changes to online public alerts.
501. Weather and climate information in agriculture and water management Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The text refers to amendments made to the Food Security Act that focus on improving weather forecasts for farming and water management. It outlines plans for research and development in weather modeling, introduces pilot projects to improve forecasting for areas facing drought and in agriculture, and authorizes funding of over $50 million annually from 2025 to 2029 to advance these objectives.
Money References
- “(4) SUNSET.—The authority under this subsection shall terminate on the date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this subsection.”; and (3) by amending subsection (j) to read as follows: “(j) Authorization of appropriations.—There are authorized to be appropriated $50,300,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029 to carry out the activities under this section.”.
502. National integrated drought information system Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The bill amends the National Integrated Drought Information System Act to enhance drought monitoring and forecasting by incorporating new technologies, improving data quality, and expanding research efforts. It authorizes funding levels for the years 2025 to 2029 to support these initiatives.
Money References
- “There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this Act— “(1) $15,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.
- “(2) $15,500,000 for fiscal year 2026.
- “(3) $16,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.
- “(4) $16,500,000 for fiscal year 2028.
- “(5) $17,000,000 for fiscal year 2029.”
4. Authorization of appropriations Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section outlines the funds authorized for carrying out this Act, specifying that $15 million is allocated for 2025, with a gradual increase each year up to $17 million by 2029.
Money References
- There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this Act— (1) $15,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.
- (2) $15,500,000 for fiscal year 2026.
- (3) $16,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.
- (4) $16,500,000 for fiscal year 2028.
- (5) $17,000,000 for fiscal year 2029.
503. National Mesonet Program Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The National Mesonet Program is designed to enhance the United States’ weather forecasting capabilities by collecting diverse environmental data from various sources, including commercial and academic networks. The program emphasizes building partnerships, providing technical and financial support, and integrating data to improve weather predictions, while regular briefings ensure transparency and accountability to Congress.
Money References
- (F) Any other topic the Under Secretary determines relevant. (f) Authorization of appropriations.—From amounts authorized to be appropriated to the National Weather Service, there shall be available not more than the following amounts to carry out this section: (1) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.
- (2) $55,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
- (3) $61,000,000 for fiscal year 2027.
- (4) $68,000,000 for fiscal year 2028.
- (5) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2029.
504. National Coordinated Soil Moisture Monitoring Network Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section outlines the responsibilities of the Under Secretary in partnership with various federal agencies to manage the National Coordinated Soil Moisture Monitoring Network. This includes creating a user-friendly website, increasing soil moisture monitoring stations, developing new data products, and cooperating with private and citizen science communities.
505. National Water Center Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The National Water Center's role is expanded to enhance water research and forecasting by integrating cutting-edge modeling into the U.S. weather systems, while coordinating efforts with various federal agencies and promoting unified hydrological services; the operations are to be managed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Water Prediction, with funding extending through 2029.
506. Satellite transfers briefing Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The Secretary of Commerce must, within 180 days of the Act's enactment, brief certain Senate and House committees about the policies and procedures for transferring weather satellite systems to other Federal departments or agencies. This briefing should include details about decommissioning satellites, existing transfer agreements, and any plans for future satellite transfers.
601. Short title Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section explains that the title of this part of the bill is the "Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Amendments Act of 2024."
602. Amendments to the Harmful Algal Blooms and Hypoxia Research and Control Act of 1998 Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The amendments update the Harmful Algal Blooms and Hypoxia Research and Control Act to enhance monitoring, forecasting, and control strategies for harmful algal blooms and hypoxia in marine and freshwater systems. It includes roles for various federal agencies like the NOAA and EPA, highlights collaboration with local entities and Native communities, and establishes new programs for research and data integration.
Money References
- term ‘Tribal organization’ has the meaning given that term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).”. (h) Authorization of appropriations.—Section 610 of the Harmful Algal Blooms and Hypoxia Research and Control Act of 1998 (33 U.S.C. 4009) is amended— (1) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows: “(a) In general.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this title, for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029— “(1) $19,500,000 to the Under Secretary; and “(2) $8,000,000 to the Administrator.”; and (2) by adding at the end the following: “(c) Transfer authority.—As specifically provided in advance in appropriations Acts, the Under Secretary or the Administrator may transfer funds made available to carry out this title to the head of any Federal department or agency, with the concurrence of such head, to carry out, as appropriate, relevant provisions of this title and section 9(g) of the National Integrated Drought Information System Reauthorization Act of 2018 (33 U.S.C. 4010).”.
603B. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration activities Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section outlines responsibilities for the Under Secretary to address harmful algal blooms and hypoxia in marine, coastal, and Great Lakes areas. This includes activities like improving observation and forecasting systems, coordinating research across agencies, utilizing local expertise, and ensuring the data collected complies with national standards and is accessible.
603C. Environmental Protection Agency activities Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The Environmental Protection Agency is directed to research and monitor the effects of harmful algal blooms and low oxygen conditions in freshwater, coordinate with other agencies, and use cost-effective methods. The activities should focus on new approaches and avoid duplicating existing programs.
606. National harmful algal bloom observing network Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section outlines the creation of a national network to monitor harmful algal blooms. The Under Secretary will work with various organizations to combine Federal, State, and local resources, use new technologies, and manage data to forecast and understand these blooms better.
606A. National-level incubator program Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The text outlines a national-level incubator program established by the Under Secretary with various partners to develop new ways to tackle harmful algal blooms. The program will assess new strategies, offer funding for effective solutions, create a database for related information, and focus on projects that protect the environment and help disadvantaged communities.
603. Other harmful algal bloom matters Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section amends existing laws to address harmful algal blooms by allowing for federal grants and agreements to help states, Indian Tribes, and other entities manage and assess the impact of such events. It also authorizes funding from 2025 to 2029 and supports new technologies to remove harmful algal blooms in affected areas.
Money References
- “(F) TRIBAL ORGANIZATION.—The term ‘Tribal organization’ has the meaning given that term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304).”; and (4) by adding at the end the following: “(4) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $2,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029, to remain available until expended.”. (b) Protect families from toxic algal blooms.—Section 128 of the Water Resources Development Act of 2020 (33 U.S.C. 610 note) is amended— (1) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and (2) by inserting after subsection (d) the following new subsection: “(e) Harmful algal bloom technologies.—In carrying out the demonstration program under subsection (a), the Secretary may enter into agreements with water and irrigation districts located in the focus areas described in subsections (c) and (d) for the use or sale of any new technologies developed under the program to expedite the removal of harmful algal blooms in such areas.”.
701. Short title Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section gives the official name of the bill as the "Preventing Health Emergencies And Temperature-related Illness and Deaths Act of 2024" or, more simply, the "Preventing HEAT Illness and Deaths Act of 2024".
702. Definitions Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
This section provides definitions for several terms related to heat, including what constitutes "extreme heat," "heat," and "heat events," as well as terms related to "heat-health," "planning," and "preparedness." It also defines "Tribal government" as the recognized governing entity of Native American tribes as listed by federal law.
703. National Integrated Heat Health Information System Interagency Committee Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The National Integrated Heat Health Information System Interagency Committee is established within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to coordinate a united federal effort to reduce health risks from heat. The Committee will have diverse membership from various federal agencies, develop strategic plans for improving heat-related health risk management, and consult with a wide range of stakeholders including governmental and non-governmental organizations.
704. National Integrated Heat Health Information System Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The National Integrated Heat Health Information System (NIHHIS) is being established within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to improve information and tools related to heat impacts, aiming to reduce heat-related problems for people, property, and the economy. This system will also ensure that data is openly available and properly managed, with the support of a designated warning coordination meteorologist at the National Centers for Environmental Information.
705. Authorization of appropriations Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The bill section authorizes $5,000,000 to be allocated annually from 2025 to 2029 to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This funding will support sections 703 and 704, including administrative costs for the National Integrated Heat Health Information System and its Interagency Committee.
Money References
- There is authorized to be appropriated to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to carry out sections 703 and 704, including for any administrative costs for the National Integrated Heat Health Information System Interagency Committee and the National Integrated Heat Health Information System, $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2029.
801. Short title Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section states that this title can be referred to as the “National Landslide Preparedness Act Reauthorization Act of 2024”.
802. Certain definitions under Flood Level Observation, Operations, and Decision Support Act Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section of the bill updates definitions related to atmospheric phenomena in the Flood Level Observation, Operations, and Decision Support Act. It adds definitions for terms like "atmospheric river," "atmospheric river flooding event," and "extreme precipitation event," describing conditions that can impact water supply and cause flooding, and outlines that such events should be included in assessing precipitation impacts.
803. Reauthorization of National Landslide Preparedness Act Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The Reauthorization of the National Landslide Preparedness Act makes several changes, including adding definitions for terms like "atmospheric river" and "extreme precipitation event" and updating program activities, funding, and partnerships to enhance landslide research, monitoring, and emergency response. It emphasizes collaboration with Native Hawaiian and Tribal organizations and allocates funds for advanced warning systems and 3D elevation mapping to better assess and mitigate landslide risks.
Money References
- . (11) GRANT PROGRAMS.—Section 3 of the National Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3102) is amended, in paragraph (1) of subsection (f) (as so redesignated)— (A) in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking “local, and Tribal governments to research, map, assess” and inserting “and local governments, Indian tribes, Tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian organizations to research, map, assess, monitor”; (B) in subparagraph (B)— (i) in clause (i), by inserting “institutions of higher education described in subsection (d)(2)(B)(iv),” before “and Indian tribes”; and (ii) in clause (ii)— (I) by redesignating subclauses (II) through (IV) as subclauses (III) through (V), respectively; and (II) by inserting after subclause (I) the following: “(II) in regions that have recently experienced loss of life due to landslides;”; and (C) in subparagraph (C)— (i) in clause (i), by inserting “awarded” after “grants”; and (ii) in clause (ii), by striking “made” and inserting “or other accomplishments resulting”. (12) SIGNIFICANT EVENTS.—Section 3 of the National Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3102) is amended, in subsection (h)(3) (as so redesignated), by striking “local, and Tribal partners” and inserting “and local partners, Indian tribes, Tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian organizations”. (13) FUNDING.—Section 3 of the National Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3102) is amended, in subsection (i) (as so redesignated)— (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “2024” and inserting “2029”; and (B) in paragraph (1), by striking “there is authorized to be appropriated to the United States Geological Survey, $25,000,000 to carry out this section” and inserting “from amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to the United States Geological Survey, $35,000,000 shall be used to carry out this section, of which not less than $10,000,000 shall be used for the purchase, deployment, and repair of landslide early warning systems in high risk areas”. (c) 3D elevation program.— (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—Section 5(a) of the National Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3104(a)) is amended— (A) in paragraph (1)(A), by inserting “and derivative” after “3D elevation”; and (B) in paragraph (2)(B)(i), by inserting “, process, and integrate” after “acquire”. (2) 3D ELEVATION FEDERAL INTERAGENCY COORDINATING COMMITTEE.—Section 5(b)(3) of the National Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3104(b)(3)) is amended— (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) and (E) as subparagraphs (E) and (F), respectively; and (B) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the following: “(D) the 3D Hydrography Program Working Group;”. (3) GRANTS AND COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS.—Section 5(d)(3) of the National Landslide Preparedness Act (43 U.S.C. 3104(d)(3)) is amended by striking “publically” and inserting “publicly”.
901. Short title Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section states that this part of the bill can be referred to as the “Illegal Red Snapper Enforcement Act.”
902. Methodology for identifying the country of origin of red snapper imported into the United States Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
In Section 902, the bill outlines plans for creating a method to determine where red snapper fish come from when brought into the United States. The Under Secretary and the Administrator will work together to develop a quick and portable chemical analysis process for law enforcement to use, and they will report to Congress about their progress and future research opportunities.
1001. Short title Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section names a piece of legislation as the "Accelerating Networking, Cyberinfrastructure, and Hardware for Oceanic Research Act," which is also referred to as the "ANCHOR Act."
1002. Definitions Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section provides definitions for the terms "U.S. Academic Research Fleet," which are U.S.-flagged ships used for ocean research by certain universities and funded by the National Science Foundation; "Director," referring to the Director of the National Science Foundation; and "oceanographic research vessel," as defined in a specific part of the U.S. Code.
1003. Plan to improve cybersecurity and telecommunications of U.S. Academic Research Fleet Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section details a requirement for the Director, in collaboration with various agencies and universities, to create a plan to enhance the cybersecurity and telecommunications of the U.S. Academic Research Fleet. This plan must assess technology needs, cybersecurity requirements, associated costs, and implementation timelines, while considering network capabilities and cybersecurity guidelines, with the aim of supporting scientific missions and crew welfare.
1101. Meteorological observations in the Arctic region Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section discusses the establishment of meteorological observation stations in the Arctic region and allows the Under Secretary to collaborate with various entities, including government agencies, local communities, and the commercial sector. It also explains that the Secretary of Commerce can hire employees to conduct studies without adhering to usual civil service laws, and allows for the transfer of surplus equipment from military departments to assist in setting up these stations, emphasizing the importance of monitoring weather in remote areas.
1102. Unfunded priorities list, reports, and plans Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
This section outlines the roles and responsibilities of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in preparing a list of unfunded priorities that include essential programs or needs not covered by the current budget but necessary for meeting legal and mission requirements. It also details the requirement for a capital investment plan and lists specific needs in infrastructure, operational capabilities, and planned assessments and surveys to meet NOAA's objectives.
Money References
- (4) CAPITAL BUDGETARY LINE ITEM.—The term “capital budgetary line item” means a line item in the budget justification materials submitted to Congress in support of the budget of the President for a fiscal year pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, for any aircraft or vessel for the Administration valued at more than $3,000,000. (5) INFRASTRUCTURE AND ASSETS.—The term “infrastructure and assets” means— (A) repair and construction of infrastructure, facilities, and laboratories; (B) instrumentation; (C) resources for data storage and analysis, including options for cloud-based and supercomputing services; and (D) with respect to the Office of Marine and Aviation Operations, aircraft, vessels, and uncrewed systems, associated facility construction and repair needs, instrumentation, and requirements to operate new and existing assets to reliably meet the mission needs of the Administration.
1103. Miscellaneous authorities Read Opens in new tab
Summary AI
The section gives the Under Secretary of Commerce authority to offer technical and other assistance to Pacific Island parties, States, and international weather services, using existing programs and partnerships. It also allows for the development of apps or tools to make data more accessible and requires a briefing to Congress about the involvement of certain NOAA administrators in meetings.