The act is titled the "National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2024," and it includes a table of contents that outlines various sections related to quantum information science, such as programs, coordination offices, advisory committees, international strategies, and activities by various national institutions.

The section updates definitions in the National Quantum Initiative Act, adding terms related to federal and national laboratories, foreign entities and countries of concern, quantum technologies like quantum computing and networking, and STEM fields. It ensures these terms reflect current scientific and national security considerations.

The amendments to Section 3 of the National Quantum Initiative Act broaden its focus to include science, engineering, and technology, and aim to boost training, create a skilled workforce, and encourage collaboration both domestically and internationally. Additionally, they seek to promote innovation, support emerging technologies linked to quantum science, and strengthen partnerships and trade controls with strategic allies, all to advance and commercialize quantum technology in the United States.

The amendments to the National Quantum Initiative Act enhance the focus on research and development across various sectors, emphasize infrastructure and workforce retention, and expand collaboration to include small businesses and allies. This is aimed at improving coordination in federal quantum science and technology activities, as well as fostering partnerships between different sectors.

The amendments to the National Quantum Initiative Act establish the National Quantum Coordination Office and outline its staffing and responsibilities. They emphasize improved coordination among quantum research ventures, collaboration with small businesses and nonprofits, and focus on strengthening the U.S. economy and workforce related to quantum technologies.

The section amends the National Quantum Initiative Act to enhance the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science by broadening its focus to include more departments, advancing quantum applications in various fields, introducing new metrics for measuring program impact, and identifying potential quantum technology use cases, which may also be compared to artificial intelligence technologies. Additionally, it emphasizes collaboration among federal agencies and requires reporting on the progress and challenges related to these initiatives.

The section amends the National Quantum Initiative Act by updating qualifications for the Advisory Committee, adding new responsibilities including assessing global quantum programs, and planning a quantum communications network. It also sets a reporting requirement through 2030 and exempts the committee from certain federal advisory rules.

The section amends the National Quantum Initiative Act, expanding the Subcommittee on the Economic and Security Implications of Quantum Information Science by adding new federal departments and agencies, enhancing the scope of quantum science to include engineering and technology, and recommending collaboration and strategies for attracting quantum science experts to federal roles.

The "International Quantum Cooperation Strategy" mandates the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy to create and submit a strategy within a year for collaborating with other countries on quantum information science. This strategy aims to establish international partnerships, ensure U.S. involvement in global efforts, promote fair international standards, and protect human rights, among other goals, while considering potential risks to U.S. security and economic interests.

The proposed section outlines a plan, known as the “International Quantum Cooperation Strategy,” to be developed by the U.S. government. This strategy aims to foster international collaborations in quantum technology with global allies, establish standards, ensure ethical practices, and address challenges related to security, innovation, and the global supply chain.

The National Quantum Initiative Act has been updated to allow leaders of federal agencies to conduct prize competitions aimed at speeding up the development of quantum technology. These competitions will encourage innovation in quantum computing and related fields by setting clear goals and could be coordinated with relevant government subcommittees.

Federal agencies with representatives on the Quantum Information Science Subcommittee are allowed to organize competitions to speed up advancements in quantum technology, as long as there is available funding. These competitions will focus on making significant progress in areas like quantum computing and communication by setting clear goals and may receive recommendations from relevant subcommittees to guide their efforts.

The section amends the National Quantum Initiative Act to state that the authority to carry out certain sections of the Act will end on December 30, 2034, unless specified otherwise.

The section outlines amendments to the National Quantum Initiative Act, focusing on enhancing research and collaboration in quantum technology. It emphasizes the development of quantum supply chains, international standards, and post-quantum cryptography, while also encouraging partnerships between government, academia, and private sectors to advance quantum science, engineering, and technology in the United States.

The bill proposes the creation of up to three quantum centers by the National Institute of Standards and Technology to boost research and technology development in quantum information science. These centers will be funded for five years with options for renewal, and will focus on areas like quantum sensing and engineering, leveraging available commercial technology, and coordinating with existing programs to improve U.S. competitiveness.

The section establishes a program led by the National Institute of Standards and Technology to create up to three quantum research centers. These centers will advance research and technology in quantum information science, receive up to $18 million in funding each year till 2029, and can operate for up to 5 years with the possibility of renewal.

The section ensures that the research activities authorized by this title follow the guidelines set out in subtitle D of title VI of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act.

The section modifies the National Quantum Initiative Act to enhance research and education in quantum information science, engineering, and technology. It establishes programs for student traineeships, fellowships, and cooperative education, encourages collaboration among educational institutions, agencies, and nonprofits, and prioritizes resources and international cooperation to advance quantum research and workforce development.

The section amends the National Quantum Initiative Act to increase the number of multidisciplinary quantum research centers from 5 to 10 and expands their focus to include technology, outreach to underrepresented groups, and international collaborations. It also requires centers to protect research against foreign interests and mandates regular briefings to Congress by the National Science Foundation Director.

The Quantum Reskilling, Education, and Workforce (QREW) Coordination Hub section of the bill outlines the establishment of a hub to improve education and job opportunities in quantum science and technology. It involves creating programs for universities and community colleges, coordinating with the quantum industry, supporting students from underrepresented groups, and developing career resources, with significant funding allocated for these efforts.

The section establishes a Quantum Reskilling, Education, and Workforce (QREW) Coordination Hub by awarding a consortium of higher education institutions and nonprofits for addressing workforce development in quantum science and technology. The Hub's purpose is to develop educational programs, promote quantum careers, coordinate with industry partners, and ensure diverse participation, with up to $10 million allocated annually from 2025 to 2029.

The section mandates the National Science Foundation to collaborate with various federal agencies to establish quantum testbeds by providing competitive grants to eligible institutions. These testbeds aim to accelerate quantum technology development, encourage diverse participation, and ensure strategic partnerships and coordination across federal resources, with funding allocated through fiscal years 2025 to 2029.

The activities mentioned in this section must align with the rules in another part of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act.

The National Science Foundation's cryptography research section of the Cyber Security Research and Development Act has been updated to specifically include post-quantum cryptography, based on its definition in the Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is authorized to engage in research related to quantum information science, engineering, and technology, focusing on space and aeronautics. NASA can collaborate with other federal agencies and expand educational and public outreach programs, with up to $45 million allocated annually from 2025 to 2029, depending on budget availability.

In this section, the term "Administrator" is defined as the person who leads the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

The section authorizes the Administrator to conduct research on quantum information science, engineering, and technology, especially for space and aeronautics, and encourages cooperation with other federal agencies. Within 180 days from the enactment, the Administrator must submit a strategy to Congress outlining the necessary resources, cooperative efforts, and research areas like quantum sensing, networking, and computing.

The section outlines a plan for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to create initiatives focused on using quantum information science for space and aeronautics applications. These initiatives will be selected through a competitive process and may involve partnerships with educational institutions and other organizations, with projects lasting up to five years and the possibility to reapply for continuation if they meet specific criteria.

The section specifies that any research security activities permitted under this title must be aligned with the guidelines set out in subtitle D of title VI of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act.

The Administrator is allowed to allocate up to $45 million each year from 2025 to 2029 to support this specific title, as long as the funds are available. The money should come from funds given to NASA.

The amendment to the National Quantum Initiative Act allows the Director of the National Institutes of Health to create a research program focused on using quantum sensors and computing for medical purposes. This program includes research, case studies, partnerships between different disciplines, and developing a diverse workforce with training and fellowship opportunities in biomedical quantum information science.

The section describes a program where the National Institutes of Health Director can work with other agencies to develop quantum sensors and computing for biomedical use. This includes offering grants for research, studying how these technologies could be used in medicine, forming collaborations across different fields, and training a diverse workforce in biomedical quantum information science.

The Department of State is authorized to create a program focused on international collaboration in quantum technology, which includes grants for joint research and scientist exchanges with participating countries. The program requires coordination with various science and technology agencies, alignment with national quantum strategies, consultation with experts, and annual reporting to Congress, and will be in effect for ten years.

The section outlines a program by the Secretary of State to boost international cooperation in quantum information science through grants and exchange programs, working with various agencies and aligning with national strategies. It also requires consultation with experts and an annual report to Congress, with these activities ending 10 years after the law's enactment.

The Comptroller General must review research and development programs under the National Quantum Initiative Act to find ways to reduce unnecessary paperwork and speed up access to government facilities for researchers. Within one year after the review, a report should be submitted to certain congressional committees with findings and recommendations.

The clerical amendments update the National Quantum Initiative Act’s table of contents by adding new sections about international cooperation, quantum research and education programs, and related security measures. Additionally, new titles are introduced for NASA, the National Institutes of Health, and the Department of State, detailing their roles and activities in quantum science and technology.