The bill titled "To amend the Energy Policy Act of 2005 to expedite geothermal exploration and development in previously studied or developed areas," also known as the "Streamlining Thermal Energy through Advanced Mechanisms Act" or "STEAM Act," primarily aims to accelerate the development of geothermal energy resources. Introduced by Senators Cortez Masto and Murkowski, this legislative piece seeks to amend existing energy policies to include geothermal energy alongside oil and gas.

General Summary of the Bill

The STEAM Act proposes amendments to the Energy Policy Act of 2005. Specifically, it alters Section 390 to incorporate geothermal energy exploration and development within regulatory frameworks initially structured for oil and gas. By doing so, the bill intends to streamline the processes for developing geothermal projects, potentially reducing procedural and bureaucratic hurdles.

Significant Issues

One of the primary issues with the bill is the potential for diminished environmental review. By categorizing geothermal energy alongside oil and gas, the amendments could lead to less stringent oversight under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) protocols. The emphasis on "previously studied or developed areas" lacks detailed definitions or criteria, introducing room for ambiguous implementation. This ambiguity could lead to legal disputes or preferential treatment of certain geothermal projects.

Another concern is the environmental impact associated with expedited geothermal development. Reduced scrutiny might result in overlooking potential adverse effects on ecosystems, water sources, and local communities, which are typically evaluated through rigorous NEPA reviews.

Impact on the Public

For the general public, this bill represents both an opportunity and a risk. On one hand, streamlining geothermal energy development could lead to increased renewable energy availability, which holds the promise of reducing carbon emissions and advancing energy independence. On the other hand, insufficient environmental oversight might lead to ecological harm that could affect local environments and potentially disrupt community livelihoods.

Impact on Specific Stakeholders

Positive Impacts:

• Geothermal Industry: Companies involved in geothermal energy stand to benefit from a more efficient regulatory process, allowing for rapid project implementation and potential cost savings.
• Renewable Energy Advocates: Individuals and groups championing renewable energy may view this bill as a step forward in diversifying and strengthening the nation's clean energy portfolio.

Negative Impacts:

• Environmental Groups: These stakeholders might oppose the bill, arguing that insufficient environmental assessments could lead to adverse impacts on natural habitats and biodiversity.
• Local Communities: Residents living near potential geothermal sites might face concerns over land use and environmental safety, particularly if existing protections are perceived as weakened.

In summary, while the STEAM Act advances the geothermal energy sector, it calls into question the balance between energy development and environmental protection. As the bill progresses, it will be crucial for lawmakers to address these concerns, ensuring that the pursuit of renewable energy does not come at the expense of the environment and local communities.