The "Diplomatic Security Modernization Act" is divided into several sections that lay out its contents, starting with a summary of the Act's short title and table of contents. It covers topics such as the organization and management of the Bureau of Diplomatic Security, authorizations for different types of law enforcement activities, and policies related to personnel, such as modernization of timekeeping and work credit calculations.

The definitions section of the Act explains what “appropriate congressional committees” and “Diplomatic Security special agent” mean. “Appropriate congressional committees” refers to specific committees in the Senate and House, while a “Diplomatic Security special agent” is defined as a special agent working for the Department of State.

The section requires the Secretary of State to send a report to Congress within 180 days, evaluating whether the Assistant Secretary of State for Diplomatic Security should remain under the supervision of the Under Secretary of State for Management or report directly to the Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources. The report should explain how this change would affect the Bureau of Diplomatic Security's ability to provide a safe and secure environment for diplomacy.

The section expands the counter-intelligence personnel security program to include nonsecurity staff working in countries with a high and critical intelligence threat, as designated by the Under Secretary of State for Management. The changes will be effective 90 days after the law is enacted, and a report on the program's implementation is required to be submitted to Congress within 180 days.

The section mandates that Diplomatic Security special agents who have primary counterintelligence roles or are stationed at diplomatic posts rated as High or Critical for Human Intelligence threats receive specific mandatory training in counterintelligence. Additionally, the table of contents for the relevant law is updated to reflect this new section.

Diplomatic Security special agents who have significant counterintelligence responsibilities or work in high-risk diplomatic locations must undergo mandatory training specifically focused on counterintelligence.

The amendment to the Omnibus Diplomatic and Security Antiterrorism Act of 1986 clarifies that Regional Security Officers, who are special agents, serve as the main security and law enforcement representatives for U.S. overseas missions, reporting to Chiefs of Mission and the Secretary of State. The Regional Security Officers guide other U.S. government personnel working abroad under the Chief of Mission's authority.

The bill suggests that the Secretary of State should allow certain officials in Diplomatic Security to approve the use of wiretaps instead of needing the Secretary's pre-approval, as this would help them do their jobs more effectively. Additionally, it requires updating the Foreign Affairs Manual to show this change within 90 days of the bill's enactment.

The text describes an amendment to Section 3486 of title 18 in the United States Code, granting administrative subpoena authority for cases involving threats to individuals or international organizations, and certain offenses. These threats and offenses are determined by the Executive Director of the Bureau of Diplomatic Security and relate to the protection provided by Department of State special agents.

The section amends a law to include cyber crimes against the Department of State's computers and systems, both domestic and overseas, as an area for investigation.

The section allows the Secretary of State to directly assist U.S. citizens who are victims of crimes and involved in investigations by the Diplomatic Security Service by providing things like emergency lodging, meals, clothing, transportation, and other necessary items.

The amendment to Section 37(a)(1) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 allows the State Department to investigate human trafficking crimes that occur partly outside the United States or involve foreign nationals.

The Secretary of Commerce is instructed to update certain regulations so that private security contractors working with the U.S. Government can use a license exception when they support the Department of State's security operations overseas.

The expansion of the Rewards for Justice Program allows for rewards to be given for information leading to the identification of individuals who commit major cybercrimes against the United States or who violate U.S. sanctions, with potential outcomes being their prosecution or a civil fine.

The Secure Federal LEASEs Act is being changed, so that now both the Department of Defense and the Department of State are not required to comply with it.

The section requires the Comptroller for the Department of State to create and start using a plan to update and automate the timekeeping process for Diplomatic Service special agents within 180 days from when the Act is enacted.

The section mandates that, within 180 days from the enactment of the Act, the Director of the Office of Personnel Management must update the regulations to ensure that Diplomatic Security special agents are treated like other criminal investigators when it comes to calculating their availability pay, and that their unscheduled duty hours include times when they are available for work as determined by the Department of State.