The "Sanctioning Russia Act of 2025" is a proposed law that outlines penalties against Russia, detailing various prohibitions on financial, trade, and investment activities related to the Russian Federation, while also specifying measures for enforcement and potential exceptions.

The section expresses Congress's opinion that if Russia does not negotiate peace with Ukraine, it should face severe sanctions from the U.S. Additionally, to prevent future conflicts and support Ukraine's sovereignty, the U.S. should continue providing security assistance to strengthen Ukraine's defense capabilities.

In this section, key terms related to the act are defined. These include specific meanings for "accounts" related to banking, "admission" and "alien" related to immigration, and what comprises the "Armed Forces of the Russian Federation." It explains what "critical infrastructure" entails in Ukraine, clarifies who qualifies as a "foreign person" or "United States person," and lists different forms of "military invasion." It also elucidates the meaning of terms like "knowingly" and "financial institution."

The President must decide every 90 days if specific Russian government entities or their proxies are involved in certain aggressive actions against Ukraine, like refusing to negotiate peace, breaking peace agreements, starting a new invasion, or trying to disrupt the Ukrainian government.

The section outlines sanctions the President must impose on individuals linked to or supporting the Russian government. These sanctions include blocking property and prohibiting transactions in the U.S. as well as making these individuals ineligible for U.S. visas or entry, with immediate revocation of any current visas.

The section outlines the sanctions the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury must impose on Russian financial institutions connected to the Russian government, such as the Central Bank and Sberbank. These measures involve freezing assets of these banks and limiting their access to U.S. financial services, as well as blocking U.S. persons from engaging in transactions with them.

The section mandates that the Secretary of the Treasury imposes sanctions on entities owned or affiliated with the Russian government within a specific timeframe. These sanctions include blocking any related assets that are within the United States or controlled by U.S. persons, without needing to declare a national emergency.

The bill section prohibits financial institutions and securities brokers from processing money transfers to or from Russia and for the benefit of Russian government officials unless the transaction is part of a licensed activity and doesn't involve Russian accounts. It also defines a "Russian person" as a Russian citizen, national, or entity.

The section states that the Securities and Exchange Commission must stop securities from Russian government-affiliated entities from being traded on U.S. stock exchanges within 15 days of determination. It defines the terms related to issuers and national securities exchanges as used in the section.

The section prohibits U.S. financial institutions from investing in entities owned by or benefiting the Russian government or military, requiring action from the Secretary of the Treasury within 15 days after a relevant decision. A "United States financial institution" includes any financial institution or fund that is considered a U.S. person.

The section prohibits the export and reexport of energy products from the United States to Russia and bans investments by U.S. persons in the Russian energy sector once a specific determination is made. It also requires the President to impose sanctions on foreign entities that help Russia's energy production and prevents U.S. persons from engaging in transactions with those entities.

United States persons are prohibited from buying the Russian government's sovereign debt starting 15 days after a specific decision is made.

The President must impose sanctions within 15 days, and again every 90 days, on any international financial messaging service that continues to work with financial institutions facing sanctions. This includes targeting the service's leaders and significant shareholders.

The bill requires the President to ban the import of uranium from Russia and any country that has uranium originally sourced from Russia within 15 days of a specific determination. Additionally, the President must impose sanctions on people and organizations involved with Russian uranium and on foreign entities that knowingly deal with it.

The section outlines that, within 15 days of a decision, the President must increase import duties on goods and services from the Russian Federation, including oil and gas, to at least 500% of their value. Additionally, recommendations can be made for even higher duties, and these duties are to be added on top of any existing antidumping or countervailing duties.

The President must impose specific sanctions outlined in the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act on Russia and certain individuals within 15 days of a determination, and continue to apply these sanctions every 90 days if they are not already in place.

In this section, the President is mandated to increase import duties by at least 500% on goods and services from countries that engage in trade of oil, uranium, and petroleum products originating from Russia. This duty increase is to be implemented 15 days after identifying such activities and reviewed every 90 days. The President can waive this duty once for up to 180 days if it's in national security interests, but cannot waive it for countries labeled as sponsors of terrorism or those specified in certain U.S. laws.

This section outlines exceptions to who the Act applies to; it does not apply to humanitarian aid to Russian citizens, intelligence activities under U.S. national security laws, and necessary admissions of foreign nationals to the U.S. in order to comply with international agreements.

The President is given the power to use certain economic authorities to implement this Act. If someone breaks the rules of this Act or its related orders, they can face penalties similar to those for breaking specific parts of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act.

The section explains that the President has the power to stop certain penalties and bans once they confirm that those responsible have stopped their harmful actions, and Russia has made peace with Ukraine. However, if anyone breaks the rules again, the President must bring back all the previous penalties and add new ones.