Overview

Title

To revise certain authorities of the Government Publishing Office, and for other purposes.

ELI5 AI

The GPO Modernization Act of 2024 is like giving the people who make government books and papers new rules, letting them use computers more, and helping people read them online for free. But some parts might make it easier to pick favorites or spend money without checking if it's done fairly.

Summary AI

H.R. 9490, titled the "GPO Modernization Act of 2024," aims to update the roles and responsibilities of the Government Publishing Office (GPO). It seeks changes like allowing the Superintendent of Documents more discretion in selling and distributing government publications, and establishing digital and permanent public access to government information. The bill proposes creating a National Collection of U.S. Government Public Information to ensure free public access and enhanced cataloging services. Additionally, updates include provisions for accepting gifts, simplifying acquisitions, and increasing leave carryover for certain GPO roles.

Published

2024-09-06
Congress: 118
Session: 2
Chamber: HOUSE
Status: Introduced in House
Date: 2024-09-06
Package ID: BILLS-118hr9490ih

Bill Statistics

Size

Sections:
33
Words:
5,537
Pages:
27
Sentences:
157

Language

Nouns: 1,726
Verbs: 423
Adjectives: 299
Adverbs: 43
Numbers: 196
Entities: 334

Complexity

Average Token Length:
4.60
Average Sentence Length:
35.27
Token Entropy:
5.32
Readability (ARI):
21.25

AnalysisAI

General Summary of the Bill

The GPO Modernization Act of 2024 is a comprehensive legislative effort aimed at updating the operations of the United States Government Publishing Office (GPO). This bill focuses on improving access to government documents, modernizing public information programs, and streamlining administrative processes. It includes provisions for the sale and distribution of government publications, enhancing public access to these documents, and formalizing processes related to library depository programs and digital publishing services. Additionally, the bill addresses administrative aspects, such as gift acceptance and hiring practices within the GPO.

Summary of Significant Issues

Despite its clear objectives, the bill raises several significant issues. One major concern is the broad authority granted to the Superintendent of Documents in Section 101, which is not accompanied by specific guidelines or oversight mechanisms. This could result in arbitrary decision-making around the pricing and resale of government documents.

The bill also introduces changes in hiring practices, as noted in Section 306, by allowing the appointment of individuals to policymaking positions without competitive procedures. This raises concerns about potential favoritism and lack of transparency in government hiring processes.

Additionally, Section 302 lacks oversight regarding the acceptance and use of gifts and bequests, possibly introducing ethical concerns about donor influence on government operations. Moreover, the language in Section 304 broadens the scope of supplies and services covered by the bill, potentially leading to ambiguity and impacting both legal and financial clarity.

Broad Public Impact

The bill aims to enhance public access to government information, which could positively impact citizens by ensuring transparency and informed civic engagement. By modernizing how government documents are accessed and managed, the public might benefit from more efficient access to information and resources. However, without adequate oversight and clarity, there is a risk of mismanagement or misuse of resources, potentially reducing the effectiveness of these improvements.

The transition from tangible to digital publications, as allowed in Section 208, might streamline access for many people. Yet, it could also pose challenges for those in areas with limited internet access, possibly widening the digital divide and impacting the equitable distribution of information.

Impact on Specific Stakeholders

Government Agencies: The bill does provide the GPO with more robust tools and flexibility in managing resources, but the lack of clear guidelines could lead to inefficient use of government funds or uneven service delivery.

Libraries and Educational Institutions: Libraries, particularly those participating in the Federal Depository Library Program, may see improvements in accessing and distributing government information. However, the requirement to select digital formats could also strain resources, especially for smaller institutions.

Public and Private Sector Stakeholders: Increased availability of government documents could benefit private sector organizations, researchers, and journalists by providing easier access to information. Nonetheless, without stringent regulations and oversight, there might be an uneven distribution of the benefits this bill seeks to provide.

In summary, while the GPO Modernization Act of 2024 potentially offers numerous benefits through improved access to government information and streamlined agency processes, the lack of detailed oversight and specific guidelines could negatively affect its implementation. Properly addressing these issues in future revisions or during implementation could enhance the utility and fairness of the bill's provisions.

Financial Assessment

The legislation, "GPO Modernization Act of 2024," encompasses various measures regarding the roles and processes within the Government Publishing Office (GPO). While it primarily focuses on modernizing and revising strategic operations, there are several references to financial aspects and allocations that warrant attention.

Simplified Acquisitions

One of the notable financial elements is in Section 303, where the bill amends the threshold for simplified acquisition procedures. The amendment raises the limit from $100,000 to $250,000, which allows for negotiated contracts without competitive bidding up to this new limit. This increase might lead to concerns identified in the issues section about potential financial accountability problems and the risk of wasteful spending or favoritism. Without competitive procedures, there is a risk that contracts could be awarded based on factors other than cost-effectiveness, potentially leading to inefficiencies in spending.

Acceptance of Gifts

In Section 302, the bill authorizes the GPO to accept gifts, including monetary donations. The proceeds from any such gifts or sales of donated property are to be deposited in the GPO’s Revolving Fund and must be used solely for governmental purposes. However, the absence of detailed oversight or reporting requirements may raise transparency issues. The legislation does not specify how the acceptance of gifts will be regulated to avoid undue influence or ensure that the funds are used equitably and appropriately, reflecting a concern about potential ethical implications.

Appointment and Compensation

Section 306 describes the appointment to policymaking positions without competitive procedures, and while this section does not directly reference financial specifics, it does imply potential financial impacts related to salaries and compensation. Allowing direct appointments could lead to perceptions of favoritism and unchecked financial implications, especially if appointees command high salaries or incur additional, unjustified expenses.

General Financial Considerations

Despite the absence of direct appropriations or a specified budget for new initiatives, the bill implies costs associated with updating systems, increasing the threshold for simplified acquisitions, and implementing new programs for digital access and preservation. The legislation does not provide a substantive discussion or framework about how these activities will be funded or how the costs will be managed. This lack of financial detail might lead to challenges in ensuring that funds are allocated efficiently and transparently, an issue noted in the overall lack of specific funding criteria within sections establishing new responsibilities for the Superintendent of Documents.

In conclusion, through its financial references and allocations, the bill raises some concerns about oversight, transparency, and potential increased expenditures without established checks. These concerns align with several issues identified, particularly relating to the potential for unchecked financial allocations and the need for meticulous oversight and ethical guidelines to manage these new capabilities responsibly.

Issues

  • The lack of oversight or reporting requirements on the acceptance and use of gifts and bequests by the Government Publishing Office, as outlined in Section 302, raises potential transparency and ethical concerns, as it could allow undue influence by donors on governmental functions.

  • The authority given to the Director of the Government Publishing Office to negotiate contracts up to $250,000 without securing competition, as modified in Section 303, may lead to concerns over financial accountability and the potential for wasteful spending or favoritism.

  • Section 306, which allows for appointments to confidential or policymaking positions without competitive procedures, could lead to favoritism or a lack of transparency in hiring practices, potentially resulting in unequitable or unjustified spending.

  • Section 101 outlines several significant changes to the sale and resale of Government documents, including the broad authority granted to the Superintendent of Documents, which lacks specificity and potentially allows for arbitrary decision-making related to pricing and resale terms, without clear framework or oversight.

  • The definition of 'Government public information' in Sections 202 and 1901 is broad and may result in ambiguities or challenges in implementation, as it does not clearly outline what constitutes 'educational value', potentially impacting legal interpretation and enforcement.

  • The lack of specific criteria or guidelines for funding programs within the Superintendent of Documents, as noted in Section 1900, could lead to unbalanced or inefficient allocation of resources, raising concerns about legal and financial oversight.

  • The shift in language throughout Section 304 broadens the scope of supplies or services covered, which may lead to ambiguity regarding what is included or intended, thereby affecting the legal and financial clarity of the provision.

  • The allowance for replacing tangible publications with digital counterparts in Section 208, without ensuring the digital information substitutes are complete and accurate, may impact the public's access to Government information, raising concerns about transparency and accessibility.

  • Section 721's continued reliance on a potentially outdated system of printing or publishing the Congressional Directory, without exploring streamlined or digitized methods, might lead to unnecessary financial expenditures.

Sections

Sections are presented as they are annotated in the original legislative text. Any missing headers, numbers, or non-consecutive order is due to the original text.

1. Short title; table of contents Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The GPO Modernization Act of 2024 aims to update the United States Government Publishing Office's operations. It includes a comprehensive table of contents detailing three main titles covering the sale of government documents, public information programs, and various administrative provisions, each focusing on improving access to government publications, supporting depository libraries, and streamlining internal processes.

101. Sale of Government documents Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section amends various parts of Title 44, U.S. Code, related to the sales of government documents. It gives the Superintendent of Documents the authority to decide on pricing, conditions for resale by book dealers, and the disposal of unneeded documents, while removing the need for departmental approval for sales.

1708. Prices for sales copies of publications; crediting of receipts; resale by dealers; sales agents Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section outlines that the Superintendent of Documents sets the sale price for extra copies of Government publications, which includes their production cost and a premium for sales and delivery expenses, with potential discounts. It also grants the authority to manage terms for reselling these publications through book dealers and designates government officers as sales agents under agreed regulations.

201. Purpose and establishment Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The proposed section aims to ensure free and easy access to government information for the public. It establishes several programs under the Superintendent of Documents to achieve this goal, including library programs, online access systems, and preservation efforts, while also supporting libraries in serving their communities.

1900. Purpose and establishment of the public information programs of the Superintendent of Documents Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section outlines the purpose of the public information programs led by the Superintendent of Documents, aimed at giving people free and easy access to government information. It sets up programs to manage and preserve this information, support libraries, and includes various initiatives like the Federal Depository Library Program and online access systems.

202. Definitions Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The text defines several key terms related to government public information, including what counts as "access services," "Government public information," "Government publication," and "information." It also explains concepts like "information lifecycle management," "permanent public access," "preservation," and "unreported public information."

1901. Definitions Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section provides definitions for terms related to government public information management. It explains key concepts like access services, government publications, information lifecycle management, permanent public access, and preservation to ensure public access to government information both now and in the future.

203. Availability of Government publications Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section outlines that the Superintendent of Documents must ensure government publications are available to libraries. Government entities must report any publications issued, whether in print or digital form, and work together to keep them permanently accessible, although exceptions exist for confidential or classified information.

1902. Availability of Government publications through Superintendent of Documents; notification of publications not ordered from Government Publishing Office Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section explains that the Superintendent of Documents is responsible for making government publications available to libraries. It specifies that each government part must inform the Superintendent about any public information they've created, ensure digital access is permanent, and provide physical copies if they weren't printed by the Government Publishing Office, except for information that is confidential or classified.

204. Selections available to depository libraries Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The amendment to Section 1904 outlines that the Superintendent of Documents is responsible for informing depository libraries about the government public information products available for them to select for their collections, regardless of the format of these products.

1904. Selections available to depository libraries Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The Superintendent of Documents is required to inform depository libraries about the government public information products that they can choose from to add to their collections, regardless of the format of these products.

205. Distribution to depositories Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The amended Section 1905 of title 44 outlines which libraries can be designated to receive government public information. It specifies who, including Members of Congress, governors, and the Mayor of D.C., can designate libraries, and sets rules for digital-only depository libraries, requiring them to be open to the public and meet certain standards.

1905. Distribution to depositories; designation of additional libraries; justification; authorization for certain designations Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

In this section, the rules for designating depository libraries to receive government public information are outlined. It details how members of Congress, the Mayor of Washington D.C., and certain Governors can designate libraries, including digital-only ones, and the requirements for these libraries to ensure they can effectively serve the public.

206. Conforming amendment related to libraries of executive departments Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The amendment to Section 1907 of title 44, United States Code, changes the terminology by replacing "Government publications" with "Government public information" and updates the institutions mentioned from the "Library of Congress and the Archivist of the United States" to the "Superintendent of Documents".

207. Requirements for depository libraries Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The updated requirements for depository libraries state that only libraries that can take care of and provide access to both physical materials and online content—and are located where they can best serve the public—can be designated as depository libraries. These libraries must report on their condition every two years. If a library isn't properly maintained or stops being accessible, it can be removed from the list of depository libraries unless it fixes the issues in a given time, and another library can be chosen to replace it.

1909. Requirements of depository libraries; reports on conditions; consultations and training; termination; replacement Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section outlines the criteria and responsibilities for a library to be designated as a depository library, which must provide public access to materials and report their condition every two years. It also describes the Superintendent of Documents' role in assessing these libraries, providing training and support, and the process for removing or replacing a library that no longer meets the necessary standards.

208. Free use of Government public information in depositories Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The proposed amendment to Section 1911 of title 44, United States Code, requires depository libraries to provide free access to government information for the public. It also allows these libraries to replace physical publications with digital ones and to get rid of unwanted or outdated government materials, following specific guidelines.

1911. Free use of Government public information in depositories; disposal of unwanted Government public information Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Depository libraries must provide government information to the public for free and can replace physical publications with digital ones based on policy guidelines. They can also dispose of physical copies after five years if linked to a regional library, or if not, they must follow specific policies for disposal.

209. Regional depositories Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section updates rules for regional depository libraries, stating that each state and Puerto Rico can have up to two libraries designated to receive government publications. These libraries must keep copies of the publications and can work together across states to share responsibilities. The Superintendent of Documents oversees these processes and ensures that government information is accessible and preserved.

1912. Regional depositories; designation; functions; shared responsibilities, disposal of publications Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section outlines that each State and Puerto Rico can have up to two libraries designated as regional depositories, which will receive all new government publications and provide leadership to other depository libraries. These libraries must keep at least one copy of each publication or digital version, and they can share duties with libraries in other states. The publications remain property of the U.S. Government, and the Superintendent of Documents helps manage and coordinate these resources across all depository libraries.

210. Cataloging and access Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The new section added to Chapter 19 of title 44, United States Code, outlines that the Superintendent of Documents will create and maintain a catalog of government public information using library standards, making it easily accessible to the public for free. This includes managing and sharing records with libraries and other entities, and collecting digital information from public websites to preserve and make it accessible through the catalog.

1917. Cataloging and access services Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section mandates the Superintendent of Documents to catalog government public information using industry standards, enhance public access and awareness, and maintain an online catalog. This catalog should be comprehensive, accessible for free, and include both historical and current information, and the Superintendent may also acquire and include digital government information.

211. National Collection of United States Public Information Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The bill establishes a National Collection of United States Government Public Information to ensure free and easy access to government information for the public. It assigns roles to the Superintendent of Documents and the Director of the Government Publishing Office to manage, preserve, and provide digital access to these resources, ensuring multiple copies are geographically distributed and collaborating with various stakeholders for the collection's comprehensiveness and accessibility.

1918. National Collection of United States Public Information Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The National Collection of United States Public Information is established to ensure public access to government information. It will be managed by the Superintendent of Documents, who will guarantee its accessibility and preservation, while the Director of the Government Publishing Office will oversee its digital system to provide free online access to this information.

212. Printing or publication of Congressional Directory Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section amends the United States Code to say that the Joint Committee on Printing is responsible for preparing a Congressional Directory to be printed or published during the first session of each Congress, and a supplement during the second session. The Committee will also manage how many copies are made and where they are distributed.

721. Congressional Directory Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The Congressional Directory is created under the guidance of the Joint Committee on Printing and must be issued early in the first session of each Congress, with a supplement released during the second session. The committee manages how many are made and how they are handed out.

301. Digital publishing services Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section modifies the law to include "publishing" alongside "binding," so that any reference to binding in the specified section will now also refer to publishing.

302. Acceptance of gifts Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section outlines amendments to allow the Government Publishing Office to accept gifts and donations, including money and property, to support its work. These gifts must be used as intended by the donor, deposited into a Revolving Fund, and are considered gifts to the U.S. for tax purposes.

303. Simplified acquisitions Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section updates the law to allow the Government Publishing Office to make purchases or contracts without advertising for competitive bids when impractical, changes the terminology from "small purchase" to "simplified acquisition," and increases the maximum contract amount that can be negotiated this way from $100,000 to $250,000.

Money References

  • The Director of the Government Publishing Office may designate one or more employees of the Government Publishing Office to carry out this subsection.”; and (3) in subsection (c), by striking “$100,000” and inserting “$250,000”. ---

304. Supplies or services Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section modifies the laws in Title 44 of the United States Code, changing references from specific materials like "Inks, glues, and other supplies" to the broader term "Supplies or services." It also specifies that these supplies or services are related to "publishing" activities.

305. Detail of employees Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Section 305 of the bill changes a part of the United States Code by revising Section 316 of Title 44. It removes the words “and binding” and replaces them with the words “, binding, and publishing”, to expand the scope of the section to include publishing.

306. Appointment of persons to confidential or policymaking positions Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section allows the Director of the Government Publishing Office to hire up to four people for important, confidential, or decision-making jobs without going through the usual hiring process. These individuals can be paid up to the highest salary allowed for top government executives, and they work at the Director's discretion.

307. Leave carryover for certain Government Publishing Office positions Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The adjustment to Section 6304(f)(1) of title 5, United States Code, allows certain senior-level employees at the Government Publishing Office to carry over unused leave. This amendment modifies subparagraphs in the law to include these positions.