Overview

Title

To reauthorize the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and for other purposes.

ELI5 AI

H.R. 8958 is a plan to give NASA money and ideas on how to explore space, build new space technology, and work with other countries, but it also has some tricky parts about moving money around, talking to other countries like China, and buying tech mostly from U.S. companies.

Summary AI

H.R. 8958 aims to reauthorize the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and outlines various directives and funding allocations for NASA's programs in fiscal year 2025. The bill encompasses a wide range of NASA activities, including space exploration initiatives like the Artemis program, development of lunar landers, advancements in space technology and aeronautics, and support for science missions. It also emphasizes the importance of commercial partnerships, international collaboration, and STEM education to maintain U.S. leadership in space and aeronautics research.

Published

2024-09-23
Congress: 118
Session: 2
Chamber: HOUSE
Status: Reported in House
Date: 2024-09-23
Package ID: BILLS-118hr8958rh

Bill Statistics

Size

Sections:
78
Words:
28,165
Pages:
140
Sentences:
599

Language

Nouns: 9,012
Verbs: 2,000
Adjectives: 1,903
Adverbs: 225
Numbers: 1,066
Entities: 1,700

Complexity

Average Token Length:
4.67
Average Sentence Length:
47.02
Token Entropy:
5.80
Readability (ARI):
27.57

AnalysisAI

The NASA Reauthorization Act of 2024 proposes to reauthorize the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) while addressing various aspects of space exploration, aeronautics, science missions, and STEM education. With a proposed budget allocation of over $25 billion for the fiscal year 2025, the bill underscores NASA's ambitious agenda in continuing its programs and initiatives, such as the Artemis missions, the Space Launch System, and collaborations with international and commercial partners.

General Summary of the Bill

The bill outlines detailed appropriations for different NASA directorates and offices, such as Exploration Systems, Science, and Aeronautics Research, highlighting the importance of NASA's role in space exploration and technological advancement. It emphasizes the continuity of space exploration programs, reaffirms the importance of the Artemis program, and explores potential international and commercial collaborations to enhance efficiency and innovation. Furthermore, the bill addresses technological advancements, including the development of advanced spacesuit capabilities and a focus on lunar communications and power facilities. Finally, it fosters partnerships with academia to inspire and educate future generations about STEM careers and supports policies that ensure comprehensive risk management in NASA's operations.

Summary of Significant Issues

One significant issue with the bill is the lack of detailed justification or accountability for certain budgetary allocations, which may lead to potential wasteful spending or lack of transparency. The restrictions on partnering with China for space activities use ambiguous language, potentially leading to diplomatic challenges. Meanwhile, clauses that mandate procurement from United States vendors to the fullest extent might limit NASA's access to cost-effective international solutions, risking national bias.

Furthermore, the broad language in various sections, such as those related to international collaboration and technological development, could lead to subjective interpretations and inconsistent implementation. The lack of specific criteria or oversight mechanisms in sections concerning the transfer of funds and hypersonics research contributes to potential inefficiencies and misappropriation risks.

Potential Impact on the Public

This bill has the potential to impact the public greatly, notably by ensuring the continued advancement of knowledge and technology in space exploration, which could lead to long-term benefits such as economic growth and national prestige. Efforts to enhance STEM education and workforce readiness can inspire the next generation of scientists and engineers. However, the public may also be concerned if funds are not effectively utilized or if international collaborations lead to geopolitical tensions.

Impact on Specific Stakeholders

NASA and Space Industry: The bill seems poised to benefit NASA by securing substantial funding to continue its projects. The limitation to use U.S. commercial providers, while fostering domestic industry, could unintentionally narrow the pool of available solutions for NASA's goals, potentially increasing costs.

International Partners: The broad engagement criteria for international collaboration, alongside restrictions with Chinese entities, could impact NASA’s relationship with existing and potential partners, leading to challenging negotiations in the global space community.

Policy Makers: There is a call for greater oversight and specificity in policy and budget allocations. Policymakers might need to clarify terms, establish robust oversight mechanisms, and justify budgetary decisions more thoroughly to assure proper implementation and utilization of resources.

In conclusion, while the NASA Reauthorization Act of 2024 aims to continue the agency’s significant accomplishments in exploration and technology, ensuring effective oversight and clear guidelines will be crucial to maximize benefits and address possible issues.

Financial Assessment

In reviewing the financial aspects of H.R. 8958, several points stand out that relate to the bill's appropriations and financial allocations, as well as the associated issues that have been identified.

Summary of Financial Allocations

The bill authorizes appropriations for NASA amounting to a total of $25,224,640,000 for the fiscal year 2025. This budget encompasses various directorates and activities within NASA, as follows:

  • $7,618,200,000 for the Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate.
  • $4,473,500,000 for the Space Operations Mission Directorate.
  • $1,181,800,000 for the Space Technology Mission Directorate.
  • $7,334,200,000 for the Science Mission Directorate.
  • $965,800,000 for the Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate.
  • $135,000,000 allocated to the Office of STEM Engagement.
  • $3,044,440,000 for Safety, Security, and Mission Services.
  • $424,100,000 for Construction and Environmental Compliance and Restoration.
  • $47,600,000 for the Office of Inspector General.

Relation to Identified Issues

  1. Lack of Detailed Justification (Section 101): While the bill allocates a substantial sum toward various NASA activities, the absence of detailed justification for these amounts could raise concerns about transparency and the potential for wasteful spending. The appropriations section doesn't explain why these specific funds are necessary, making it difficult for stakeholders to assess the prudence of these allocations.

  2. Fund Transfer Authority (Section 806): The provision allowing the transfer of funds from other federal agencies to NASA potentially raises ethical and financial concerns. It could redirect resources from their original purpose without explicit accountability measures. This flexibility, although beneficial for NASA's adaptability, might lead to misuse or misallocation of resources if not monitored with stringent oversight.

  3. Restrictions and Mandates on Procurement (Sections 310 and 606): Section 310 restricts federal funds relating to certain Chinese space and scientific activities, which might strain diplomatic relations and affect international collaboration negatively. Similarly, Section 606’s mandate that procurement should be from U.S. vendors to the greatest extent practicable could be seen as a nationalistic bias. This could lead to higher costs if international options might have offered more economical or superior alternatives.

  4. Ambiguity in Financial Reporting Related to Hypersonics (Section 512): The hypersonics program under this section lacks clear financial parameters and calls for rapidly produced reports, potentially leading to non-comprehensive evaluations. This could impact the program's oversight quality, as financial assessments may be hurried and incomplete.

In conclusion, while the bill reflects significant investment in NASA's capabilities and operations, several issues highlight potential financial management challenges related to transparency, oversight, competition, and procurement bias. Addressing these issues might involve implementing more detailed expenditure plans, strengthening oversight on fund transfers, and possibly reconsidering stringent procurement conditions to allow flexibility in accessing cost-effective resources globally.

Issues

  • The provision allowing the transfer of funds from other federal agencies to NASA (Section 806) could potentially divert resources from the original purposes intended by those agencies without explicit accountability or oversight mechanisms, raising ethical and financial concerns.

  • The authorization and allocation of over $25 billion for NASA's budget in Fiscal Year 2025 (Section 101) lacks detailed justification or explanation for the allocated amounts, raising concerns about transparency and potential wasteful spending.

  • The vague language and lack of specific criteria regarding the US government's restriction on partnering with China for space activities (Section 310) may lead to diplomatic tensions and could potentially hinder international collaboration.

  • The report required under Section 808 on the merits of establishing an institute for space resources lacks specific criteria for what constitutes responsible use of space resources, creating potential for broad and subjective interpretations that could impact policy decisions.

  • The directive in Section 506 to prohibit procurement of unmanned aircraft systems from covered foreign entities could limit technology options and impact the effectiveness of emergency response programs, potentially implicating national security concerns.

  • The option for a waiver process in Section 506 allowing the Administrator to bypass procurement prohibition of certain unmanned aircraft systems appears to involve minimal oversight, which could compromise accountability and transparency.

  • Section 202 states broad engagement criteria with international partners for the 'Artemis' program without specificity, which could lead to ambiguous and potentially inconsistent international collaboration strategies.

  • Ambiguous language in Section 204 about acquiring human-rated lunar landing capabilities exclusively from US providers may limit competition and increase costs, raising legal and financial concerns.

  • The language concerning 'Commercial satellite data' (Section 606) mandates procurement to the maximum extent practicable from US vendors, which might limit cost-effective international options, signaling potential national bias.

  • Section 512, the hypersonics program, lacks clear funding limitations and explicitly calls for reports within tight deadlines, which may lead to rushed and incomplete assessments, impacting the quality of oversight.

Sections

Sections are presented as they are annotated in the original legislative text. Any missing headers, numbers, or non-consecutive order is due to the original text.

1. Short title; table of contents Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The NASA Reauthorization Act of 2024 outlines various provisions related to NASA's budget, space exploration programs, technological developments, aeronautics research, science missions, STEM education initiatives, and policy guidelines. The Act includes detailed sections on funding, maintaining a U.S. presence in space, advanced technology development, partnerships, and education outreach to prepare a skilled technical workforce.

2. Definitions Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

This section provides definitions for various terms used in the Act, including roles such as the "Administrator" of NASA and terms like "cislunar space," "deep space," and "commercial provider," which describe different areas and entities related to space activities. It also defines acronyms like "ISS" for the International Space Station and "NASA" for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, along with the specific projects "Orion" and "Space Launch System" authorized under previous NASA legislation.

101. Fiscal year 2025 Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

For the fiscal year 2025, the United States Congress has approved a total budget of $25,224,640,000 for NASA. This includes specific allocations for various departments such as $7,618,200,000 for Exploration Systems, $4,473,500,000 for Space Operations, $7,334,200,000 for Science, and smaller amounts for areas such as Aeronautics Research, STEM Engagement, and safety services, among others.

Money References

  • For fiscal year 2025, there are authorized to be appropriated to NASA $25,224,640,000 as follows: (1) For the Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, $7,618,200,000.
  • (2) For the Space Operations Mission Directorate, $4,473,500,000.
  • (3) For the Space Technology Mission Directorate, $1,181,800,000.
  • (4) For the Science Mission Directorate, $7,334,200,000.
  • (5) For the Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate, $965,800,000.
  • (6) For the Office of STEM Engagement, $135,000,000.
  • (7) For Safety, Security, and Mission Services, $3,044,440,000.
  • (8) For Construction and Environmental Compliance and Restoration, $424,100,000.
  • (9) For Inspector General, $47,600,000. ---

201. Continuity of purpose for space exploration Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section emphasizes the continuous development and testing of NASA's space exploration programs, including the Space Launch System and Artemis missions. It stresses the importance of maintaining leadership in space through international collaboration and private sector involvement while ensuring accountability and commitment to long-term goals.

202. Artemis program Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The Artemis program is part of a U.S. initiative to explore outer space, focusing on the Moon and Mars. Congress emphasizes the importance of exploring lunar polar volatiles and maintaining U.S. leadership in space. The program will collaborate with international partners and U.S. commercial providers to enhance efficiency and cost-effectiveness in space exploration efforts.

203. Reaffirmation of the Space Launch System Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Congress reaffirms support for the development and flight plans of the Space Launch System (SLS) and tasks NASA with exploring the usage demands of the SLS by other federal agencies or nongovernment entities. Additionally, within 180 days, NASA must report on its progress toward achieving the flight schedule and evaluate obstacles and opportunities related to other entities using the SLS.

204. Human-rated lunar landing capabilities Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Congress reiterates its emphasis on developing lunar landing systems as part of the Moon to Mars program, authorizing NASA to work with at least two U.S. commercial providers to ensure human-rated capabilities for future Moon missions. The bill requires detailed reports on government and commercial contributions, agreements' values, milestones, compliance, and solutions for any cost or schedule challenges to support Artemis missions.

Money References

  • (c) Report.—The Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress the following: (1) Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, a report— (A) identifying the contribution over the past five years, and the planned contribution for 2024–2029, of government personnel, expertise, technologies and infrastructure utilized and to be utilized in support of design, development, or operation of human lunar landing capabilities under this section; and (B) setting forth details and the associated costs of such government support, broken out according to the areas of contribution specified in subparagraph (A), as part of any development initiative for obtaining human lunar landing capabilities. (2) Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, a report that sets forth, for any agreement with a United States commercial provider for human lunar landing capabilities, the following: (A) The total value of the agreement when awarded. (B) If different from the amount in subparagraph (A), the total value of the agreement as of the date of the enactment of this Act, and an explanation for any change in value, as well as an identification of whether NASA or the commercial partner is responsible for meeting the change in value. (C) The dollar amount invested and to be invested by the Administration, and the dollar amount invested and to be invested by the commercial partner. (D) The full requirements, including human-rating and safety requirements, for human lunar landing capabilities under the agreement when awarded. (E) If different from the amount specified in subparagraph (C), the full requirements, including human-rating and certification requirements, for the human lunar landing capabilities under the agreement as of the date of the enactment of this Act and an explanation for any changes in requirements. (F) A description of milestone and associated payments provided for in the agreement, including the following: (i) An identification of all milestones under the agreement. (ii) The value of the associated payment for each milestone identified under clause (i). (iii) An identification of completed milestones and the date of completion. (iv) An identification of milestones which have not yet been completed and an estimated schedule for completion. (v) The value of all NASA payments under the agreement, outlays as of the date of the enactment of this Act, and the amount which as of the date of the enactment of this Act has not yet been paid. (vi) a description of any changes in milestones and associated payments between the date of contract award and the date of the enactment of this Act. (G) Any cost, schedule, and performance challenges as of the date of the enactment of this Act in provider performance of the agreement. (H) A detailed justification of compliance with section 30301 of title 51, United States Code.

205. Advanced spacesuit capabilities Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Congress outlines the importance of advancing spacesuit technologies for future space exploration, emphasizing NASA's role in maintaining expertise and testing these suits on the International Space Station, while setting requirements for U.S.-based commercial providers and providing a timeline for reports and assessments on existing and new spacesuits.

301. Report on continued United States presence in low earth orbit Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section requires the Comptroller General to report to Congress within 270 days on the U.S. Government's plans and preparedness for human space flight, ensuring continuous operation of these missions, and the strategy for safely deorbiting the International Space Station by 2031.

302. International Space Station Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Congress believes that the International Space Station (ISS) is crucial for the United States' space capabilities, international cooperation, and scientific research. They think NASA should maximize the use of the ISS to achieve space exploration goals and amend previous legislation to reflect this focus on fully utilizing the ISS for important research and development activities.

303. Nongovernmental missions on the International Space Station Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Congress expresses that nongovernmental missions on the International Space Station (ISS) can help both government and private entities learn about future commercial space endeavors. It allows the Administrator to make agreements with U.S. companies for such missions and requires a report in 18 months about the number, costs, and impacts of these missions, ensuring they align with U.S. laws and interests.

304. Report on suborbital crew missions Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The Administrator must submit a report to Congress within 180 days of the law's enactment, detailing the expenses, benefits, risks, necessary training, and legal issues, such as liability, related to using commercial suborbital vehicles to send U.S. Government personnel into space.

305. United States deorbit capabilities Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Congress states that the aging International Space Station (ISS) will need to be safely deorbited, and NASA is tasked with acquiring deorbit capabilities from U.S. commercial providers without affecting ongoing ISS activities. Additionally, NASA must report on the costs and plans for the deorbit process to Congress, including an independent cost estimate and details on financial responsibilities, ensuring transparency and coordination among ISS partners.

306. Commercial low-earth orbit development Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section outlines NASA's strategy for developing commercial platforms in low-Earth orbit, emphasizing a mix of crewed and uncrewed options, and supporting U.S. leadership and international partnerships. It authorizes agreements with commercial providers to achieve these goals, requires use of U.S. launch services, and ensures astronaut safety through rigorous certification and safety standards.

307. Risk of losing access to low-earth orbit Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section mandates that within 270 days, the NASA Administrator must submit a report to Congress assessing the risks and potential consequences of losing access to low-Earth orbit, which could impact NASA and private research efforts. The report should explore how this gap might affect U.S. science and competitiveness and suggest preventative strategies, including extending the International Space Station's operational life, investing in commercial space stations, and collaborating with international partners.

308. Maintenance of service for International Space Station Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The Administrator is required to keep a regular schedule of flights to the International Space Station to ensure the health and safety of its crew and make the most of its operations, as long as funding is available. However, if the Station's safety needs a decrease in flights or its operation ends, the Administrator can ask Congress for a waiver to this requirement.

309. Orbital debris research and development Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

NASA is encouraged by Congress to conduct research to better understand and reduce the hazards of space debris, which is vital for the safety of space missions and can aid broader space operations. This research may include improving space environment models, using findings from NASA’s space weather programs, and sharing new technologies with other stakeholders.

310. Restriction on Federal funds relating to certain Chinese space and scientific activities Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Under Section 310, federal funds cannot be used by NASA, the Office of Science and Technology Policy, or the National Space Council to engage in certain activities with China, like creating policies or hosting official visitors, unless these actions are cleared by a new law. However, exceptions are allowed if these agencies confirm, with the FBI's help, that the actions pose no security risks or involve officials linked to human rights violations, and they must report such exceptions to Congress and the FBI 30 days beforehand, detailing the activities planned.

401. SBIR phase II flexibility Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The amendment to Section 9 of the Small Business Act allows the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, in addition to the Department of Education, to have more flexibility in participating in SBIR Phase II projects.

402. Lunar power purchase agreement program Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section proposes a study to evaluate the use of power purchase agreements for developing lunar surface power. The study would identify necessary facilities, forecast demand, explore policy issues, and involve consultation with various agencies and international partners, with a report due to Congress within 24 months.

403. Cryogenic fluid valve technology review Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Congress believes that improving cryogenic fluid valve technology will help make space vehicles more reliable and efficient. An independent organization will review current technologies and suggest improvements, with a report due within 18 months.

404. Lunar communications Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Congress highlights the importance of reliable communication and navigation for exploring the Moon and encourages developing commercial capabilities to support these needs. The Administrator is authorized to create a strong lunar communication system and must work with various sectors to establish standards and explore commercial service options to assist NASA’s lunar exploration.

405. Celestial time standardization Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section expresses Congress's belief in the importance of the United States leading efforts to create a time standard for the Moon and other celestial bodies to support space exploration and cooperation. NASA is tasked with developing strategies for this lunar time standard in collaboration with various governmental and private organizations to ensure accuracy, resilience, and future adaptability.

501. Definitions Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section provides definitions for key terms related to air mobility. It explains that "advanced air mobility" includes both "urban air mobility," which involves flying within or between cities, and "regional air mobility," which is moving by air between two places using advanced aircraft. The section also defines related concepts like unmanned aircraft systems and traffic management systems for unmanned aircraft.

502. Experimental aircraft demonstrations Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section describes a study that must be done by NASA, working with industry and academia, to evaluate past and future projects involving experimental aircraft. This study will identify new technologies to test on aircraft and learn lessons from past projects to improve future performances and innovations.

503. Hypersonic research Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Congress emphasizes the importance of hypersonic research for advancing aeronautical and space technologies and maintaining U.S. leadership in these fields. NASA, in collaboration with other agencies, industry, and academic institutions, is tasked with continuing and updating hypersonic research efforts, and must report progress to Congress.

504. Advanced materials and manufacturing technology Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section requires that within one year of the law being enacted, NASA's Administrator must send a report to Congress about the progress of NASA's activities, specifically focusing on the Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technology Program and related research partnerships as outlined in the 2022 NASA Authorization Act.

505. Unmanned aircraft system and advanced air mobility Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Congress has determined that it is crucial to support research and development in autonomous aviation to keep the U.S. competitive as air travel becomes more automated. The Administrator will work with the FAA, other federal agencies, and experts from the academic and industry sectors to continue researching unmanned aircraft systems and new ways of moving in the air, and will update Congress on the progress in about 18 months.

506. Advanced capabilities for emergency response operations Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section outlines a plan for NASA to use its tools and technologies to develop better ways to respond to wildfires using aircraft. It includes goals like improving aircraft management, sharing information in real-time, creating a platform for tracking aircraft, and coordinating with various government agencies. The section also restricts the purchase of drones from certain foreign entities unless deemed necessary and requires annual reports on these activities.

507. Hydrogen aviation Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section allows the Administrator to conduct research on new technologies for hydrogen-powered aviation, depending on funding availability, and requires a report of the research findings to be submitted to Congress within 18 months after the act is passed.

508. High-performance chase aircraft Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

NASA relies on high-performance chase aircraft for its programs but is facing maintenance challenges due to an aging fleet. Congress requests that NASA, within 60 days of this act and every six months after, presents a strategy for collaborating with the Department of Defense, acquiring aircraft parts, and potentially borrowing or sharing aircraft to ensure continued support for research and pilot training.

509. Collaboration with academia Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Congress emphasizes the importance of collaborating with colleges and universities in aeronautics research, as these institutions offer valuable expertise and innovation. This partnership not only advances technology but also inspires students to pursue STEM careers and helps build a skilled workforce in aeronautics.

510. National student unmanned aircraft systems competition program Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section describes a national program led by the Administrator to organize competitions for high school and undergraduate students to design and demonstrate unmanned aircraft systems. It explains the grant process for selecting a competition administrator, outlines criteria for awarding grants, and specifies the responsibilities of the competition administrator, including curriculum development, supporting diverse participation, and linking activities to STEM careers and NASA missions.

511. Decadal survey for national aeronautics research and priorities review Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Congress is setting up a detailed study, called a "decadal survey," to decide the main goals and strategies for U.S. civil aeronautics research and development from 2025 to 2035. They want experts to suggest priorities that keep the U.S. as a leader in this field and to help make aviation safe and sustainable, with the results being shared with key committees in the House and Senate within two years.

512. Making advancements in commercial hypersonics Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The text describes a section of a bill where the Administrator may create a program to advance research and technology in commercial hypersonic aircraft by providing testing opportunities. It restricts funding for certain technologies, requires strategic planning and reporting, and mandates collaboration with defense and aviation authorities while ensuring no agreements are made with certain foreign entities.

601. Maintaining a balanced science portfolio Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Congress emphasizes the importance of maintaining a diverse and well-funded science program that includes research grants, technology development, and various space missions, while relying on guidance from scientific experts. Additionally, it reaffirms the U.S. policy to sustain a regular schedule of different size science missions as outlined in prior legislation.

602. Implementation of science mission cost-caps Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Congress expresses that NASA should balance its ambitious science missions with cost control to prevent budget issues affecting other projects; within 12 months, the Comptroller General must review and report on NASA's cost cap practices for missions, their effectiveness, and potential improvements, including past experiences and impacts of cost overestimations.

603. Reexamination of decadal surveys Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section amends Title 51 of the United States Code by adding the phrase “, significant changes to the NASA budget” to section 20305(c) when referring to the reexamination of decadal surveys.

604. Landsat Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section requires the Administrator to deliver a report to Congress within 180 days, detailing efforts to comply with certain U.S. laws related to Landsat, the possibilities of using private sector data for Landsat, potential tradeoffs or impacts of using such data, and recommendations for the federal government to address these issues or enhance private sector involvement.

605. Private earth observation data Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section amends the 2010 NASA Authorization Act to include a focus on commercial Earth observation data, which the federal government may use to fulfill its Earth observation needs. Additionally, it requires a report from the Comptroller General assessing how well this focus on commercial data is implemented in the updated civil Earth observation strategic plan.

606. Commercial satellite data Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Congress has outlined a program for NASA to acquire commercial satellite data to support scientific, operational, and educational needs. This program encourages partnerships with U.S. vendors, ensures accessibility for scientific publication, and requires annual reporting to Congress on its agreements and progress.

60307. Commercial satellite data acquisition program Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section outlines a program within NASA's Earth Science Division to buy and use commercial Earth remote sensing data and imagery to meet various needs, such as scientific and educational objectives. It emphasizes transparency in data usage, allows NASA to set flexible licensing terms, prefers U.S. vendors where possible, and requires annual reporting to Congress on agreements, vendors, license terms, and how the data is being utilized.

607. Greenhouse gas emission measurements Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Congress emphasizes the importance of monitoring greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide and methane, and requires NASA and other agencies to assess and report on available technologies for detecting these gases. They aim to collaborate with multiple organizations to improve detection, including defining "methane super-emitters" and exploring partnerships to enhance monitoring capabilities.

608. NASA data for agricultural applications Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Congress highlights NASA's role in supporting agriculture through its Earth science data, which is used to inform farming decisions, conserve resources, and improve crop management. The section encourages partnerships with federal agencies and others to share this data, making it more accessible for improving agricultural practices.

609. Planetary science portfolio Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Congress emphasizes the importance of planetary science missions for advancing knowledge about the solar system and supporting spacecraft and engineering advancements. They encourage NASA to maintain a balanced range of Discovery, New Frontiers, and Flagship missions, adjusting priorities and schedules if budget conditions change, following the guidance of the Planetary Science Decadal Survey.

610. Planetary defense Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The bill updates laws related to NASA's planetary defense efforts. It establishes a Planetary Defense Coordination Office to monitor and respond to threats from near-Earth objects, ensuring these tasks are coordinated with other parts of NASA.

71105. Planetary defense coordination office Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The Planetary Defense Coordination Office is a part of NASA's Planetary Science Division, tasked with handling threats from near-Earth objects. This office's responsibilities include surveying, identifying, and tracking potentially dangerous objects, warning about possible impacts, exploring mitigation strategies, and assisting in government planning for response to potential impacts.

611. Lunar discovery and exploration Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section authorizes the Administrator of NASA to conduct a program focused on achieving scientific objectives for the Moon, within the Science Mission Directorate. The Administrator, in coordination with other directorates, is tasked with setting high-priority lunar science goals and ensuring the necessary tools are developed for both human and robotic exploration of the Moon.

612. Commercial lunar payload services Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Congress expresses that NASA's support for commercial lunar delivery services is beneficial and authorizes a program to procure these services from U.S. providers. NASA must ensure funding from mission directorates, conduct market research, manage program implementation, and coordinate efforts with the Moon to Mars Program to align delivery service goals.

613. Planetary and lunar operations Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section emphasizes that Congress acknowledges the importance of NASA's current lunar and Martian missions, which are outperforming their expected lifetimes, and highlights plans to bolster future operations on the Moon and Mars by developing a strategic plan that may involve partnerships with private and international entities.

614. Mars sample return Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The Administrator is tasked with leading a Mars Sample Return program, depending on funding, to bring samples from Mars back to Earth for scientific study, following the National Academies' recommendations. The program should uphold US leadership in Mars exploration, maintain NASA's Mars landing and operation capabilities, keep essential expertise, and ensure the planetary science division stays balanced without needing major budget increases. The Administrator must provide Congress with a detailed plan and timeline for the program within 180 days of the Act's enactment, aiming for the best scientific results within budget.

615. Hubble space telescope servicing Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section requires the Administrator to provide a report to Congress within 90 days about any studies conducted in the last five years on the possibility of safely boosting the Hubble Space Telescope, including using private sector technologies.

616. Great observatories mission and technology maturation Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The bill allows the Administrator to start a project to develop technology and ideas for future space missions in astrophysics. This project will involve activities like assessing mission needs, technology capabilities, and costs, with annual reports on progress starting in 2025.

617. Nancy Grace Roman telescope Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The Administrator is required to keep working on the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope according to the instructions found in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2022.

618. Chandra X-Ray observatory Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The Administrator should avoid taking actions that would stop or reduce the science operations of the Chandra X-Ray Telescope until after the next review of mission extensions for NASA's Astrophysics division is completed as outlined by the relevant laws and NASA's review process.

619. Heliophysics research Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Congress acknowledges the importance of NASA's heliophysics research in understanding the Sun and its effects on Earth, emphasizing its role in enhancing space weather forecasting and protecting national security and infrastructure. NASA is encouraged to maintain a balanced research portfolio and manage programs to regularly offer opportunities for small and mid-sized missions and missions of opportunity.

620. Study on commercial space weather data Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section mandates the Administrator of NASA, with input from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, to study how commercial data could enhance space weather research. This study should assess commercial data and technology capabilities, recommend ways for the government to use these resources, explore partnership opportunities, and deliver a report to Congress within 270 days of the Act being passed.

621. Geospace dynamics constellation Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Congress expresses that the Geospace Dynamics Constellation mission may lead to groundbreaking scientific discoveries about the Earth's upper atmosphere. By September 5, 2024, the Administrator is required to provide a report to Congress on the mission's launch schedule and budget, following the recommendations of the heliophysics decadal survey.

622. Technology development for wildland fire science, management, and mitigation Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section describes the establishment of FireSense, a NASA project aimed at improving wildland fire management by using advanced technology and data to enhance prediction, monitoring, and recovery efforts. It emphasizes interagency collaboration, data sharing, and periodic evaluation, while also highlighting the need for support and coordination with federal agencies, local governments, private sector entities, and academic institutions.

623. Implementation of recommendations by the National Wildland Fire Management and Mitigation Commission Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section outlines the responsibilities of NASA and other agencies in improving the management of wildland fires by incorporating recommendations from the National Wildland Fire Management and Mitigation Commission. It involves enhancing data collection, supporting research, deploying new technologies, and working with different government levels to address wildland fire risks, with periodic evaluations and reporting to Congress about their progress.

701. National space grant college and fellowship program Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section amends the United States Code related to the National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program by specifying how funding should be allocated among space grant consortia, prioritizing equal shares for each U.S. state, certain territories, and program administration. Additionally, it mandates an external review of the program to evaluate its effectiveness and propose any necessary updates, with a report due to Congress within nine months.

702. Skilled technical workforce education outreach Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section discusses how the NASA Administrator can organize or support STEM activities to help students learn about technical jobs in space and aeronautics. These activities could use existing government programs and may involve engaging students in various educational institutions to explore and prepare for careers in technical fields. The Administrator must report progress on these activities to Congress within a year of the Act's enactment.

801. Major programs Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Section 801 amends section 30104 of title 51 in the U.S. Code by updating a reference from “7120.5E, dated August 14, 2012” to “7120.5F, dated August 3, 2021”.

802. NASA advisory council Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section mandates adding “and Congress” to a part of U.S. law where the NASA advisory council is involved, ensuring that the council provides advice to both NASA and Congress. This amendment will automatically end on September 30, 2028, when the law will revert to its original wording.

803. NASA assessment of early cost estimates Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section requires the Comptroller General to send a report to Congress within a year, reviewing how NASA creates and manages cost estimates for missions before they begin. The report may also offer recommendations and evaluate NASA's cost monitoring during mission development.

804. Independent cost estimate Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section proposes changes to a law regarding how cost estimates for certain projects are handled. It specifies that an estimate, not an analysis, must be completed after the preliminary design review, and no funds can be spent until Congress is informed of the life-cycle cost estimate.

805. Office of Technology, Policy, and Strategy report Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The Office of Technology, Policy, and Strategy is required to submit a yearly report to Congress by January 1, starting in 2025, detailing their activities from the past year and their goals for the next year.

806. Authorization for the transfer to NASA of funds from other agencies for scientific or engineering research or education Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section allows NASA to receive funds from other federal agencies for scientific or engineering research and education, provided those funds are used for similar purposes. NASA must report annually on the transfers and provide a detailed report three years after the enactment on how the transfers have helped its mission and any challenges it faced.

807. Procedure for launch services risk mitigation Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section outlines that NASA's Administrator must arrange for an independent evaluation of how well NASA's procedures reduce risks in their launch services. Additionally, within 180 days of this law being enacted, the Administrator needs to provide Congress with a report of the evaluation and NASA's response to its findings, if applicable.

808. Report on merits and options for establishing an institute relating to space resources Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section mandates that within 180 days, a report be submitted to Congress by NASA and the Department of Commerce, exploring the idea of creating an institute for space resources to support U.S. leadership in space. This report should evaluate whether a virtual or physical institute is best, and consider partnerships with universities and industries to improve knowledge about using space resources effectively.

809. Reports to Congress Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

NASA must send any reports or notices to both the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation at the same time as they are sent to any other committee. Additionally, if the U.S. signs an international space agreement, NASA's Administrator must send a report with a copy of the agreement to these committees.

810. Contract flexibility Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section discusses how NASA's rules allow changes to contracts if NASA facilities are not accessible to contractors. During such times, NASA can change deadlines, cancel or reschedule work, or adjust the contract terms as needed.

811. GAO report Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section requires the Comptroller General of the United States to report to Congress within a year on NASA’s fire and emergency services at launch and reentry facilities. This report will evaluate current capabilities, future demands, and how these are influenced by increased launch activities and commercial partnerships, and assess if these services can fully meet all current and future demands on NASA property.

812. NASA public-private talent program Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section establishes a program allowing NASA employees to temporarily work in private companies and vice versa, under specific terms and conditions. It includes rules for assignments, agreements, duration limits, and procedures to manage conflicts of interest, while ensuring that such exchanges benefit NASA's mission without compromising federal ethics or incurring unauthorized costs.

813. Report on Space Act agreements Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section requires the NASA Administrator to submit a report to Congress within 180 days of the Act's enactment, detailing intellectual property issues in agreements entered under the Space Act, industry feedback on these issues, and how NASA's intellectual property policies differ from those of other federal agencies.

814. Mentoring Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section requires the NASA Administrator to create a mentoring program for employees at different career stages to support their growth and leadership potential, with particular attention to underrepresented groups in STEM. Additionally, within 180 days after the law is enacted, the Administrator must update the relevant congressional committees about how this program is being implemented.

815. Drinking water well replacement for Chincoteague, Virginia Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The bill allows the Administrator to make a deal with the Town of Chincoteague, Virginia, to pay for moving the town's drinking water wells from NASA property to another location on the town's land. This agreement can last up to five years and needs to be reported to Congress within 18 months of the bill's enactment.

816. Rule of construction Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

NASA employees can talk about their scientific research as long as they follow NASA's rules about scientific integrity, and nothing in this Act changes that.