Overview

Title

To ensure election integrity and security and enhance Americans’ access to the ballot box by establishing consistent standards and procedures for voter registration and voting in elections for Federal office, and for other purposes.

ELI5 AI

H. R. 160 is a plan to make voting in the U.S. safer and easier by making sure all states have the same rules for voting, like voting by mail and signing up to vote automatically. It also tries to keep everyone's voting information safe and fair, but some parts might be tricky for states to do without enough money or clear instructions.

Summary AI

H. R. 160 aims to improve election integrity and accessibility by establishing consistent standards for voter registration and voting in federal elections across the United States. It introduces federal standards for mail-in ballots, including secure and timely processes, and mandates automatic voter registration systems connecting state and federal agencies. The bill calls for standardizing election procedures across states, establishing a national database to maintain accurate voter lists, and requires states to ensure all voting methods are treated equally and fairly. Ultimately, the legislation seeks to modernize election systems, protect voter information, and enhance transparency in the electoral process.

Published

2025-01-03
Congress: 119
Session: 1
Chamber: HOUSE
Status: Introduced in House
Date: 2025-01-03
Package ID: BILLS-119hr160ih

Bill Statistics

Size

Sections:
22
Words:
10,040
Pages:
48
Sentences:
259

Language

Nouns: 2,979
Verbs: 868
Adjectives: 495
Adverbs: 110
Numbers: 347
Entities: 594

Complexity

Average Token Length:
4.44
Average Sentence Length:
38.76
Token Entropy:
5.49
Readability (ARI):
22.47

AnalysisAI

The "Restoring Faith in Elections Act" is a comprehensive legislative proposal aimed at enhancing the integrity and accessibility of elections for federal offices in the United States. By setting consistent standards for voter registration and voting processes, the bill targets areas such as mail-in ballots, automatic voter registration, and standardizing election procedures across all jurisdictions. Furthermore, the bill includes provisions for maintaining accurate voter registration lists, ensuring that voters are correctly registered and capable of participating in elections without unnecessary barriers.

Summary of Significant Issues

One of the major concerns with the bill is its lack of clear data privacy and security provisions regarding voter registration databases. Given the sensitive nature of voter information, this omission poses a risk to personal data security and could lead to privacy violations.

The bill also introduces potential administrative and financial challenges, notably through its requirement for "parity in treatment of methods of voting." This condition necessitates that states treat all voting methods equally, which could be difficult to implement given the diverse logistical needs of each method.

Additionally, some terminology within the bill, such as "extraordinary circumstances," is not well-defined, which could lead to inconsistent interpretations and application, undermining accountability. The requirement of reporting all ballots within 24 hours of the conclusion of voting may prove to be unduly burdensome for precincts that lack adequate resources, raising concerns about the feasibility of such a mandate.

Another major issue revolves around data security and privacy related to "automatic registration." The bill does not adequately address potential risks, which might result in privacy concerns.

The mandate placed on contributing agencies to assist with voter registration may pose implementation challenges without a detailed discussion on necessary resources and funding, opening the door to underfunding or misallocation.

Impact on the Public and Stakeholders

For the general public, this bill represents an effort to make voting more accessible while safeguarding the election integrity that is foundational to democracy. Automatic voter registration could significantly reduce barriers to participation, increasing voter turnout, particularly among younger populations, individuals with disabilities, and minorities who have traditionally faced challenges in the registration process.

However, the absence of specific privacy protections poses a risk to voters' personal information security, which could lead to public mistrust of the voter registration process.

For state election officials and jurisdictions, the requirements to maintain parity in voting methods and standardize election procedures present both challenges and opportunities. While the goals align with fair election practices, the financial and resource demands could strain small jurisdictions, potentially creating disparities in election quality across states.

Additionally, driver’s license applicants will face new requirements regarding voting registration intent, which introduces complexity and possible inconvenience, especially for frequent movers.

Conclusion

The "Restoring Faith in Elections Act" aims to reinforce electoral confidence through standardized procedures and increased accessibility to the voting process. Nevertheless, its gaps in data security and clarity around specific provisions necessitate careful consideration and refinement. Stakeholders ranging from voters to election administrators are likely to experience both immediate and long-term impacts based on how effectively these issues are addressed and implemented. Ensuring that adequate resources and privacy protections accompany the bill's mandates could mitigate potential challenges and strengthen its positive contributions toward equitable voter participation and election integrity.

Financial Assessment

The financial aspects of H. R. 160 primarily focus on the allocation of funds to support the implementation of automatic voter registration systems across the United States. This bill involves financial considerations to ensure that states can effectively and equitably administer federal elections.

Financial Allocations and Appropriations

The bill authorizes the appropriation of funds to assist states in implementing new voting systems. Specifically, $500,000,000 is authorized for fiscal year 2025, with provisions for additional funds as necessary for subsequent years. These funds are aimed at supporting the development of electronic information transfer systems, voter registration updates, and public education initiatives related to new voter registration methods. These allocations highlight the commitment to modernizing the electoral process through technological advancements.

Relation to Identified Issues

The bill's financial provisions aim to address several issues, albeit indirectly. For example, the allocation of significant funds is a response to the potential administrative and financial challenges that states might face in complying with new voting standards and procedures. The financial support is intended to ease states' burdens in integrating these changes, which include parity in the treatment of different voting methods and establishing standardized election procedures.

However, the issues concerning inadequate resources and funding for contributing agencies to perform their voter registration duties raise concerns about the sufficiency and effectiveness of these financial allocations. Without detailed guidance on how the appropriated funds will be distributed and managed, there is a risk of underfunding or misallocation, potentially complicating the bill's implementation.

Moreover, the requirement for states to report all ballots within 24 hours after polls close may impose financial burdens on precincts lacking resources. While the bill provides substantial financial support, it does not specify mechanisms to ensure that every precinct can meet this requirement, which might lead to disparities in the law's implementation.

In conclusion, while the substantial financial appropriations in the bill demonstrate a strong commitment to enhancing voting infrastructures, the lack of detailed guidelines on fund allocation and usage may lead to challenges in achieving the desired outcomes. Effective implementation will depend heavily on how funds are managed and whether they sufficiently empower all the relevant entities to fulfill their roles under the new standards.

Issues

  • The bill lacks specific information about data privacy or security provisions concerning voter registration databases in sections related to voter registration, which is concerning given the sensitivity of voter information. (Section 1, Section 305, Section 401)

  • There could be significant administrative and financial challenges for states that offer multiple voting methods due to the requirement for 'parity in treatment of methods of voting', as states would need to ensure equal treatment which might not be feasible or necessary in all cases. Additionally, the term 'equivalent amount' when referring to subsidizing costs across different voting methods is not well-defined. (Section 301)

  • The lack of clear definitions or criteria for terms such as 'extraordinary circumstances' and the waiver process's lack of specificity in the timeline for State certification and Commission approval can lead to ambiguity and subjective interpretation, which might create accountability gaps. (Section 211)

  • The requirement to report all ballots within 24 hours after the conclusion of voting could be overly burdensome for certain precincts without sufficient resources, and the bill lacks clarity on mechanisms to address failures in compliance. (Section 103, Section 306)

  • The bill's language about 'automatic registration' could face challenges related to data security and privacy, as these are not addressed in the text, potentially leading to privacy risks. (Section 202, Section 205)

  • There is no detailed discussion on the resources and funding necessary for contributing agencies to carry out their voter registration duties, which opens the possibility of underfunding or misallocation of resources and complicates implementation. (Section 203)

  • The requirement for individuals applying for a driver's license to attest to their voting registration intent could be oppressive, particularly for individuals moving between states frequently, and might add unnecessary complexity to the voter registration process. (Section 403)

  • The term '21st-century technologies' in Section 201 is vague and may be interpreted in various ways, leading to unclear implementation guidelines and potential inefficiencies. (Section 201)

  • The penalties described for unlawful possession of mail-in ballots do not differentiate based on the severity or recurrence of the offense, which could result in inconsistent enforcement. (Section 305)

Sections

Sections are presented as they are annotated in the original legislative text. Any missing headers, numbers, or non-consecutive order is due to the original text.

1. Short title; table of contents Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The "Restoring Faith in Elections Act" is a proposed law that outlines standards for handling mail-in ballots, establishes automatic voter registration, promotes standardized election procedures, and aims to ensure accurate voter registration lists through various measures, including a standardized database.

101. Short title Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section states that the official short title of this legislation is the “Verifiable, Orderly, and Timely Election Results Act.”

102. Federal standards for mail-in ballots Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section establishes federal standards for mail-in ballots in elections for federal office, outlining requirements for requests, submission deadlines, ballot design, and procedures for both mail and in-person voting. It includes rules about who can handle completed mail-in ballots, limits penalties for violations, and specifies that these standards will apply to future federal elections.

305. Federal standards for mail-in ballots Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section outlines guidelines for mail-in voting in federal elections, including how voters can request, receive, and return mail-in ballots. It specifies deadlines, requirements for ballot validity, options for in-person voting, and rules about who can possess or return someone else's mail-in ballot, with penalties for violations.

103. Federal standards for reporting election results Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The bill section establishes federal standards for reporting election results, requiring that mail-in ballots received before election day are counted starting one week prior, and all ballots, including those cast in-person, are reported within 24 hours post-election. Changes to sections and clerical adjustments ensure the new rules are integrated into existing election law.

306. Federal standards for reporting election results Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section outlines that state election officials must ensure mail-in ballots received before election day are counted starting a week before the election, and voting precincts must report ballot totals one hour after polls close. All ballots must be counted and reported within 24 hours after voting ends, and these rules apply to federal elections held after this section is enacted.

201. Short title; findings and purpose Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The “Automatic Voter Registration Act of 2025” aims to ensure that all eligible citizens in the United States are automatically registered to vote. It highlights the importance of using modern technology to update voter registration systems and seeks to make them more accurate, cost-effective, and accessible, while addressing barriers that impact young people, those with disabilities, and minority groups.

202. Automatic registration of eligible individuals Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The text outlines a system for automatically registering eligible individuals to vote in federal elections, requiring states to electronically gather and process voter registration information from government agencies unless the individuals opt out. It details how states must handle new and existing agency records, communicate with potential voters, register eligible individuals under 18, and defines what constitutes a contributing agency.

203. Contributing agency assistance in registration Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Each State's contributing agencies are required to help register eligible voters by providing information and an option to decline registration when individuals apply for services, renewals, or address changes. This also includes the transmission of necessary voter information to election officials, with Federal and specific State agencies and institutions of higher education being designated as contributing agencies for this purpose.

204. One-time contributing agency assistance in registration of eligible voters in existing records Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section outlines the process by which agencies must transfer information about voters already in their records to state election officials. This needs to be done by specific deadlines, either by the effective date of the law or six months after, depending on when the voter data was first recorded.

205. Voter protection and security in automatic registration Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section outlines rules and protections related to automatic voter registration, ensuring individuals are not penalized for errors in their registration due to it being automatic. It also sets strict guidelines on how voter information is handled, prohibiting its use for commercial purposes and emphasizing the need for privacy and security standards, which states must certify compliance with to receive federal funding.

206. Registration portability and correction Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

This section allows individuals who are registered to vote in federal elections to update their personal information, such as address or name, at their polling place on election day. It also ensures that any updates are entered into the statewide voter registration system, so the voter's ballot is treated as a regular ballot.

207. Payments and grants Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The Election Assistance Commission will provide grants to eligible states to help them meet voting registration requirements, especially focusing on enhancing automatic voter registration systems. The Commission will prioritize funding activities that promote electronic data transfer, upgrade or implement online registration systems, and educate the public about new registration methods. Additionally, $500 million is authorized for 2025, with further funding available as needed, and these funds will not expire until fully used.

Money References

  • (d) Authorization of appropriations.— (1) AUTHORIZATION.—There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section— (A) $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and (B) such sums as may be necessary for each succeeding fiscal year.

208. Treatment of exempt States Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

In Section 208, the bill states that exempt States do not have to follow the general rules of this title unless otherwise noted. However, they must still comply with certain provisions, specifically sections 206, 207, 209(e), and 209(f), which cover registration, payments, enforcement, and the relation to other laws.

209. Miscellaneous provisions Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section outlines various requirements for agencies providing services under the title, ensuring these services are accessible to individuals with disabilities and are provided in a nonpartisan and nondiscriminatory manner. It allows for secure third-party transmission of information, permits electronic notices with consent, applies enforcement related to civil rights in voting, and specifies that nothing in this title overrides existing voting rights laws.

210. Definitions Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

In this section, the bill defines terms related to election officials and voting processes. It explains who the "chief State election official" is, describes what the "Commission" refers to, clarifies what an "exempt State" means, and defines what is encompassed by the term "State".

211. Effective date Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The Effective Date section states that the new rules will generally begin on January 1, 2027, but allows for an extension to January 1, 2029, if a state can show the Commission that it needs more time due to extraordinary circumstances.

301. Requiring parity in treatment of methods of voting Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

Under the proposed amendment to the Help America Vote Act, each State and jurisdiction must treat all voting methods equally, ensuring the same rules apply to each, such as signature verification. It also specifies that costs should not be subsidized for one voting method without also being subsidized for others, except when assisting disabled voters or meeting certain federal voting requirements, and these changes would take effect for elections starting in November 2026.

302. Requiring standard election administration procedures in all jurisdictions in State Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section outlines a requirement for all states to have standardized procedures for running federal elections, ensuring uniformity in how provisional ballots are handled across different areas. It also amends the effective date clause to include these new procedural standardizations.

401. Establishment of National Deconfliction Voting Database and Clearinghouse Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section establishes a National Deconfliction Voting Database and Clearinghouse within the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency to help states ensure the accuracy and integrity of federal election voter registration records. It aims to make sure voters are registered only in their home state, deceased individuals are removed from voter lists, and only U.S. citizens vote in federal elections.

402. Pre-election maintenance and certification of official voter registration list Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The section outlines that states must certify that they have updated their voter registration lists by removing ineligible voters 90 days before a federal election and share this list with federal agencies. It also requires the Postal Service and Social Security Administration to provide information on address changes and deceased individuals, respectively, 180 days before the election, with these rules taking effect for elections starting in November 2026.

403. Requiring applicants for motor vehicle driver’s licenses in new State to indicate whether State serves as residence for voter registration purposes Read Opens in new tab

Summary AI

The bill requires people applying for a driver's license in a new state to declare if they lived in another state and if they want the new state to be their voting residence. If they choose the new state for voting, the old state will be informed that the individual no longer wants to vote there. This change takes effect for elections starting in 2025.