The first section of the "Stopping Border Surges Act" introduces the short title of the Act and outlines its table of contents, which includes measures related to unaccompanied alien children and asylum reforms. The titles cover topics like the repatriation of unaccompanied children, detention standards, asylum eligibility, and penalties for asylum fraud.

The proposed amendments to the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 focus on changing the rules for handling unaccompanied alien children. It includes revisions related to agreements with foreign countries, interviewing these children, transferring custody to the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and providing information about individuals with whom the children are placed.

The section amends existing laws to clarify that children detained with their parents for immigration reasons will be governed by specific statutes, and such children can only be released to parents or legal guardians in the U.S. lawfully. It also states that Congress wants these changes to align with a previous court case regarding detention conditions and prevents states from requiring licenses for immigration detention facilities holding children and families.

Section 103 amends a part of the Immigration and Nationality Act to change the rules for special immigrant juvenile status. It removes the previous requirement that a child's reunification with one or both parents must be impossible due to issues like abuse or neglect, and adds that a child cannot receive this status if they can reunite with any one parent or legal guardian without these issues.

The section modifies the Immigration and Nationality Act to specify that during a credible fear interview, immigration officers should consider whether the applicant could qualify for asylum and if the statements made about their situation are likely true.

Section 202 changes the Immigration and Nationality Act by removing a specific part of the existing law related to the jurisdiction of asylum applications.

The Secretary of Homeland Security is required to set up guidelines to ensure that interviews with immigrants, particularly those facing expedited removal, are conducted uniformly and recorded properly. Standard checklists and interpreters will be used, and recordings of these interviews must be available for future proceedings, but this section does not create any new legal rights or responsibilities for individuals or entities against the U.S. government.

The amendment to Section 208(a)(2)(A) of the Immigration and Nationality Act allows both the Attorney General and the Secretary of Homeland Security to determine whether an individual can be removed to another country. It adds new conditions under which immigrants must apply for asylum if they pass through other countries on their way to the U.S., with exceptions for those denied protection in another country, victims of severe trafficking, or those who traveled only through countries not signed to key refugee agreements.

Anyone who has been granted asylum in the United States and returns to their home country without significant changes in that country's conditions could lose their asylum status. However, the Secretary can waive this rule if the person has a compelling reason for going back.

This section of the bill amends the Immigration and Nationality Act to ensure that asylum seekers are clearly informed about the consequences of submitting frivolous asylum applications. It specifies that applicants who knowingly submit false applications to delay removal or gain employment must be warned in writing and outlines conditions under which such applications are deemed frivolous, also noting that these individuals may still seek certain protections despite a frivolous finding.

The section modifies the Immigration and Nationality Act to ensure that asylum and removal credibility determinations consider statements and investigative reports from both immigration authorities and other government officials.

The section clarifies asylum eligibility by amending the Immigration and Nationality Act to specify that an individual is eligible to apply for asylum if they enter the United States at a designated port of entry.

Section 209 of the bill changes the time limit for applying under the Immigration and Nationality Act from 1 year to 6 months.

The section amends the Immigration and Nationality Act to clarify language about the burden of proof, changing the requirement from proving "at least one" condition to proving "the" specific condition needed.

The section amends the Immigration and Nationality Act by adding a new reason that someone can be denied asylum in the United States. It states that if the person could avoid persecution by moving to a different part of their home country, or if they are stateless, to another part of their last home country, they might not qualify for asylum.

Section 212 modifies the Immigration and Nationality Act by changing the employment eligibility waiting period from 180 days to 1 year and specifies that the authorization will expire 6 months after it is issued.

Section 213 of this bill adds penalties for committing asylum fraud. It states that anyone who knowingly makes false statements or uses fraudulent documents in matters related to asylum can be fined or face up to 10 years in prison.

The statute of limitations for asylum fraud is being updated. The amendment allows prosecution for fraud to begin within 10 years after the fraud is discovered, in addition to the current timeline.

The section updates the Immigration and Nationality Act to include the "Secretary of Homeland Security" alongside or instead of the "Attorney General" in various parts, reflecting changes in responsibilities between these roles regarding immigration processes.